[ti:America Marks 20 Years Since Sept. 11 Attacks]
[by:www.21voa.com]
[00:00.00]更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
[00:00.04]The tragic events of September 11, 2001,
[00:05.84]took place in just under 102 minutes.
[00:12.16]On that day, 2,996 people died
[00:18.96]in the worst terrorist attack in modern history.
[00:24.32]What followed was nearly 20 years of war in Afghanistan.
[00:30.96]The U.S. Department of Defense says
[00:34.48]there were at least 2,325 American military deaths.
[00:42.92]No one knows exactly how many civilians were killed.
[00:49.04]The Global War on Terror, as it was called,
[00:53.64]stretched beyond Afghanistan into Iraq
[00:57.88]and places as far away as Africa.
[01:03.20]In Iraq, the conflict killed nearly 4,500 U.S. service members
[01:11.16]and many thousands of civilians.
[01:15.40]On September 11, 2021, President Joe Biden
[01:21.44]is expected to try to mark the end of that period
[01:26.12]and America's longest war.
[01:30.12]Since withdrawing all troops from Afghanistan at the end of August,
[01:36.28]the Biden administration has sought
[01:39.08]to put the events of 20 years behind it.
[01:43.60]It has released many formerly-secret documents
[01:48.40]about the September 11 attacks.
[01:51.92]It appears to have accepted the return of Taliban militants,
[01:58.32]the Afghan leaders pushed out by the U.S. invasion nearly 20 years ago.
[02:06.24]On Saturday, Biden will visit the three places that were attacked.
[02:13.28]New York City is where American Airlines Flight 11
[02:18.36]crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center.
[02:23.88]Seventeen minutes later, United Airlines Flight 175 hit the south tower.
[02:32.76]Biden will also visit the Pentagon, the headquarters
[02:37.56]of the U.S. defense department, outside Washington, D.C.
[02:43.68]That is where American Airlines Flight 77 crashed 34 minutes later.
[02:52.24]Separately, Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris
[02:57.28]will pay their respects at a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania.
[03:03.84]That is where United Airlines Flight 93 crashed.
[03:09.72]Jeremi Suri is a history professor at the University of Texas in Austin.
[03:17.88]"The president is drawing a line under the last 20 years," he told VOA.
[03:25.92]"And he's acting as a historian and saying we've ended an era,
[03:32.04]just like the end of the World War II era,
[03:36.04]and it's now time to make new decisions
[03:39.68]in the ways in which Harry Truman made new decisions
[03:43.76]after the World War II era."
[03:47.40]Harry Truman was the president of the United States from 1945 to 1953.
[03:56.76]Suri said historians understand
[04:00.20]why Biden is asking Americans to look forward and not back.
[04:07.56]"I think we are in a different moment after the 2020 election,
[04:13.20]and we are in a different moment with the rise of China," he said.
[04:19.88]"Twenty years on, our challenge is different,"
[04:23.96]said deputy national security adviser Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall.
[04:30.60]"We have learned since 9/11
[04:33.44]how to protect Americans from terrorism," she said,
[04:38.60]adding that those measures probably prevented
[04:42.64]another 9/11-style terrorist attack.
[04:47.60]Vanderbilt University historian Thomas Schwartz, however,
[04:52.64]does not believe we can easily call an end to the era.
[04:58.64]Pointing out that it takes two sides to have a conflict,
[05:02.92]one side cannot decide alone to end it, he said.
[05:08.92]"I think the words of President Biden — and the deeds
[05:14.12]— of a fixed time for withdrawal from Afghanistan
[05:18.56]were a mistake and were an error in judgment
[05:22.60]that I think could affect the United States
[05:26.04]over the coming years," he said.
[05:30.24]Norman Ornstein is a senior fellow
[05:33.84]at the American Enterprise Institute,
[05:37.00]a conservative public policy research group in Washington.
[05:43.04]He believes that Americans should look
[05:45.96]to history to understand our position.
[05:49.36]In 1983, President Ronald Reagan decided
[05:54.76]to withdraw American forces from Lebanon
[05:58.60]months after a bombing killed 241 U.S. service members.
[06:06.12]That decision, Ornstein said,
[06:09.24]shows the difference between the America of today
[06:13.44]and the America of past decades.
[06:17.88]"We did not have calls for Ronald Reagan to resign,
[06:22.44]or moves to impeach him," he said.
[06:26.64]Republican lawmakers have strongly criticized the U.S. evacuation
[06:32.48]from Afghanistan and President Biden.
[06:37.52]Ornstein said Reagan's actions in 1983
[06:42.72]were not considered for political reasons as almost everything is today.
[06:50.08]"And that is a disturbing element here that actually
[06:54.60]is at least as unsettling in terms of where the country goes in the future
[07:01.08]as some of these other threats that we face," he said.
[07:06.28]I'm Bryan Lynn. 更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA京香2018下载
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