[ti:Can Tech Protect US Schools from Mass Shootings?]
[by:www.21voa.com]
[00:00.00]更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
[00:00.04]The many school shootings across the United States
[00:03.80]have led to demand from schools
[00:06.68]for advanced technology security systems.
[00:11.40]A little over one year ago,
[00:13.68]a gunman killed 19 children and two teachers in Uvalde, Texas.
[00:20.28]Days later, taser maker Axon Enterprise
[00:24.12]had an idea for how to prevent such attacks.
[00:27.96]It suggested schools use "non-lethal" drones
[00:32.52]that are powered by artificial intelligence (AI).
[00:38.16]Many people who work at the company disagreed with the idea.
[00:42.76]The company's own AI ethics board quit in protest.
[00:48.16]The event showed the growing unease about the ethics and effectiveness
[00:53.56]of security tools being marketed to American schools.
[00:59.32]Schools have been able to use nearly $200 billion in new COVID-19 relief money
[01:06.24]and other government funding to purchase such tools, said Odis Johnson Jr.
[01:13.48]He is director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Safe
[01:17.96]and Healthy Schools in Baltimore, Maryland.
[01:22.20]More schools have more money, he said.
[01:25.20]"And there's a robust tech sector pushing these technologies."
[01:31.20]Rita Bishop is the former head of the school system in Roanoke, Virginia.
[01:36.48]She said she had to stop taking calls from companies
[01:41.24]that sell things like AI-powered surveillance cameras and weapons detectors.
[01:48.80]For some experts and school safety officials,
[01:52.64]new tech-based tools are just one way to prevent school violence.
[01:59.68]Dave Fraser is head of Omnilert.
[02:03.16]The company developed an AI-powered tool
[02:06.72]that connects to school surveillance cameras to detect guns.
[02:12.80]Charles County Public Schools in Maryland decided to use Omnilert.
[02:18.72]Jason Stoddard is the school system's security director.
[02:23.72]He said he noticed that the shooters in Uvalde
[02:27.96]and in another attack had neared the school with their guns drawn.
[02:33.20]That played a part in the school system's decision to use Omnilert.
[02:40.60]Omnilert is one of a growing list
[02:44.20]of companies offering gun-detection technologies.
[02:48.04]ZeroEyes said its gun detection technology
[02:51.84]is used in schools and other places in over 30 states.
[02:56.80]Like Omnilert, it has human reviewers
[03:00.56]who check guns that its AI system detects.
[03:05.32]According to the Intercept news site,
[03:08.32]more than 65 school systems have bought or tested
[03:13.48]AI gun-detection tools since 2018.
[03:18.12]The schools spent a total of over $45 million on the technologies.
[03:25.56]There are serious questions, however,
[03:28.12]about the effectiveness of such tools, said Ken Trump.
[03:32.68]He is the president of National School Safety and Security Services,
[03:38.64]a school safety consulting group.
[03:42.68]He said schools have become testing grounds
[03:45.96]for "very underdeveloped AI software."
[03:50.24]He said schools have been increasingly drawn to tech solutions
[03:54.68]without taking simple measures.
[03:58.08]He said schools have not looked to measures
[04:01.04]like training teachers on how to respond to shootings,
[04:04.76]making structural improvements to buildings,
[04:07.76]and keeping doors locked.
[04:11.32]Surveillance tools might help quicken a school's response.
[04:15.40]But they are unlikely to prevent shooters,
[04:18.76]said Johnson Jr. of Johns Hopkins.
[04:23.64]He added that there is no research into the effectiveness
[04:27.56]of these AI technologies.
[04:31.08]There are also ethical concerns.
[04:33.88]"Kids need to be in schools that treat them like students,
[04:38.44]instead of suspects," said Johnson Jr.
[04:42.92]He and other experts worry that surveillance solutions to school violence
[04:49.24]create a hostile environment.
[04:52.20]He said it could be especially negative for Black students
[04:56.08]and students from other overpoliced communities.
[05:00.88]I'm Dan Novak. 更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA京香2018下载
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