[ti:Experts Worry about Effects of Fewer US College Students]
[by:www.21voa.com]
[00:00.00]更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
[00:00.04]Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic,
[00:03.48]the number of Americans going to college has dropped by 1 million.
[00:08.76]Researchers estimated the total could be
[00:11.76]as high as 3 million over the last 10 years.
[00:17.12]Education experts in the United States have
[00:20.04]recently talked about the reasons leading to the decline.
[00:24.76]They include lower birth rates,
[00:27.04]higher pay for most jobs during the pandemic
[00:31.08]and the rising cost of a college education.
[00:35.92]However, education experts and economists are starting
[00:40.52]to think about the long-term effects if the drop continues.
[00:45.96]Some warn the decline could affect the U.S.
[00:50.28]as competing nations like China
[00:52.92]greatly increase their college attendance.
[00:56.88]Jason Lane is the leader of the College of Education,
[01:00.92]Health and Society at Miami University in Ohio.
[01:05.80]He called it a "crisis" that is not widely recognized.
[01:11.00]With fewer people going to college,
[01:13.48]"society is going to be less healthy," Lane said.
[01:17.20]"It's going to be less economically successful.
[01:21.20]It's going to be harder to find folks to fill the jobs of the future..."
[01:27.64]Adriana Lleras-Muney is an economist
[01:31.72]from the University of California-Los Angeles.
[01:36.56]She said the growing education gap
[01:39.92]could also worsen existing divisions over politics,
[01:44.96]socioeconomic status, race, and national origin.
[01:51.28]"We're seeing a lot more people moving into the very unlucky group
[01:55.88]instead of the lucky group," said Lleras-Muney.
[02:00.92]"That will be very bad for them personally.
[02:04.48]It will start showing up in their health,
[02:07.52]their likelihood of remaining in marriage — you name it."
[02:13.20]And another expert, Awilda Rodriguez
[02:16.84]from the University of Michigan,
[02:19.36]observed that recent gains "in reducing class-based
[02:23.64]and racial inequality are being wiped away."
[02:28.48]Among the most affected, researchers
[02:31.40]from the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center
[02:35.56]say, are children from poor families.
[02:39.48]And the number of young men starting college
[02:42.92]has also dropped by 10 percent in the last two years.
[02:48.00]The College Board says people who only finish high school
[02:51.92]will earn almost $25,000 per year less than people who finish college.
[02:59.72]Government agencies and the Pew Research Center note
[03:04.28]that those without college degrees
[03:06.92]run a risk of living in poverty or becoming unemployed.
[03:12.72]They are more likely to pay less tax, need government help,
[03:17.00]lead an unhealthy lifestyle, and die younger.
[03:22.24]Jennifer Ma is a senior researcher from The College Board.
[03:26.36]She said as older Americans retire,
[03:29.64]good jobs that require college degrees will remain unfilled.
[03:35.40]She called the drop in college attendance during the pandemic
[03:39.68]"a really scary number."
[03:42.84]And Lane of Miami University added, "what we're seeing right now
[03:48.08]is hospitals understaffed, supply chain concerns,
[03:52.80]schools closing because we don't have enough people to keep them open."
[03:58.44]As fewer Americans are going to college, countries including China,
[04:02.96]Canada, Korea, and Russia are investing more in higher education.
[04:09.76]The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
[04:14.20]notes that the U.S. is now 12th among its 38 member countries
[04:20.68]in adults with college degrees.
[04:23.84]Just 20 years ago, the U.S. was third.
[04:29.44]China is one country making progress.
[04:32.44]Since 2000, China has increased its number of college students
[04:38.36]from 7.4 million to nearly 45 million in 2018.
[04:46.44]The information comes from World Education Services.
[04:51.68]Another study from Georgetown University says
[04:55.00]that by 2025, China will be producing nearly
[04:59.36]two times the number of students with advanced degrees in science,
[05:05.12]engineering, technology, and math each year than the U.S.
[05:11.84]Jamil Salmi is a higher education expert
[05:15.32]who once worked at the World Bank.
[05:17.80]He said the lack of Americans with college degrees
[05:22.48]may lead companies to move businesses to countries
[05:26.16]with more highly educated citizens.
[05:30.32]The college attendance "crisis," as Miami's Lane put it,
[05:35.20]could result in some good news in the U.S.
[05:39.60]Some who study labor think employers will consider life experience
[05:44.40]a little more when offering people jobs.
[05:48.36]Monty Sullivan is president of Louisiana Community
[05:52.76]and Technical College System.
[05:56.28]He said companies are starting to think about a person's skills
[06:01.40]more than whether they have a "piece of paper,"
[06:04.56]meaning a college degree.
[06:07.76]The Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia
[06:10.64]recently found more job listings that pay
[06:14.04]above the national median wage
[06:16.40]are open to people without college degrees.
[06:20.72]At the same time, if the number of students stays low,
[06:25.08]the business of higher education will be hurt.
[06:29.44]For example, colleges will not need
[06:32.32]as many professors and support workers.
[06:36.52]About four million people work in higher education in the U.S.
[06:42.12]and a recent study from the National Center for Education Statistics
[06:47.44]showed that colleges and universities
[06:50.80]combine to spend over $630 billion per year.
[06:57.04]Rodriguez, from the University of Michigan,
[07:00.16]said with fewer students, colleges might have to make it easier for others,
[07:05.92]especially those from poor families, to get into and finish college.
[07:12.64]"It's not just about productivity or workforce development,
[07:17.32]though all of those things are true," she said.
[07:21.36]"It's about making opportunities available to students."
[07:26.48]I'm Jill Robbins.
[07:28.44]And I'm Dan Friedell. 更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA京香2018下载
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