[ti:For Highest US Court, a Harvard or Yale Education Is a Must+++美国最高法院法官必来自哈佛或耶鲁]
[by:www.21voa.com]
[00:00.00]更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
[00:00.40]Neil Gorsuch, President Donald Trump's choice for the United States Supreme Court,
[00:07.64]has something in common with the court's current members.
[00:12.60]He studied at Harvard Law School, as did four current Supreme Court justices.
[00:20.60]A fifth justice, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, attended Harvard,
[00:26.00]but graduated from Columbia University's law school.
[00:30.76]The court's three other members graduated from Yale Law School.
[00:37.16]The Gorsuch nomination now goes to the Senate Judiciary Committee.
[00:43.16]If he is confirmed, it means all nine Supreme Court justices
[00:48.64]will be former students at either Harvard or Yale.
[00:53.28]That is worth noting, given that the United States has more than 200 law schools.
[01:02.52]Nominations to the Supreme Court are among the most important made by a president.
[01:09.88]Once approved by the Senate, federal judges have lifetime positions.
[01:16.04]Someone as young as Gorsuch, who is 49,
[01:20.16]can serve for many years -- long after Trump's presidency ends.
[01:27.00]Both Yale, located in New Haven, Connecticut
[01:30.56]and Harvard, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, are rated highly.
[01:36.52]In its 2017 list of law schools,
[01:40.28]US News and World Report magazine
[01:43.88]rated Yale No. 1, and Harvard No. 2.
[01:49.24]Still not everybody is happy with their influence over the Supreme Court.
[01:57.12]Jonathan Turley is a law professor at George Washington University in Washington D.C.
[02:05.96]He says that Gorsuch "is widely viewed as a powerful writer
[02:11.00]and intellectual leader" on his Colorado federal appeals court.
[02:17.44]But Turley said it is wrong to exclude all but graduates of two law schools.
[02:25.24]"It not only reduces the number of outstanding candidates,
[02:30.16]but guarantees a certain insularity in training and influences on the court,"
[02:37.32]Turley wrote on his website.
[02:41.16]Before Trump named Gorsuch, White House aides told reporters
[02:47.16]that federal judge Thomas Hardiman was the other finalist for the nomination.
[02:54.08]Hardiman would have broken the Supreme Court's Harvard-Yale domination.
[03:00.48]He graduated from the Georgetown University Law Center in Washington.
[03:07.68]Many observers say Gorsuch is more conservative
[03:11.52]than the Supreme Court nominees proposed by Barack Obama.
[03:16.84]Obama, a member of the Democratic Party,
[03:20.20]served as president from 2009 until January 20th of this year.
[03:27.36]But Trump, a Republican, followed Obama's example
[03:32.84]in choosing a nominee from Harvard or Yale.
[03:37.08]In his first term, Obama nominated Sonia Sotomayor, a Yale Law School graduate,
[03:45.00]and Elena Kagan, a Harvard Law School graduate.
[03:49.60]The U.S. Senate approved both nominations.
[03:53.68]In his second term, Obama chose Merrick Garland, another Harvard Law graduate.
[04:01.60]But Senate Republicans refused to consider his nomination.
[04:06.56]Republicans said the choice should be left to the winner of the 2016 presidential election.
[04:14.80]In that election, Trump defeated former Secretary of State
[04:19.11]Hillary Clinton, the Democratic candidate.
[04:23.88]Since 1975, only two nominees to the high court
[04:29.44]came from schools not called Yale or Harvard.
[04:34.28]In 1975, President Gerald Ford named John Paul Stevens,
[04:40.36]a graduate of Northwestern University School of Law in Illinois.
[04:45.97]In 1981, President Ronald Reagan named Sandra Day O'Connor,
[04:53.12]a graduate of Stanford University's law school in California.
[04:58.72]If the Senate approves Gorsuch, he would replace Antonin Scalia.
[05:04.80]Scalia joined the Supreme Court in 1986.
[05:09.96]He was the nominee of President Reagan.
[05:13.80]Scalia served until his death in February, 2016.
[05:19.88]He, too, attended Harvard Law School.
[05:24.36]In a 2010 report, a Georgetown University's Patrick Glen wrote that people attending law schools
[05:32.56]other than Harvard and Yale should lower their expectations.
[05:38.44]Non-Harvard or Yale Law School graduates can become judges,
[05:44.44]just not on the Supreme Court, Glen wrote.
[05:49.88]I'm Bruce Alpert.
[05:51.68]更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA京香2018下载
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