[ti:For Native Americans, Harvard and Other Colleges Fall Short]
[by:www.21voa.com]
[00:00.00]更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
[00:00.04]When Samantha Maltais arrives at Harvard this autumn,
[00:04.96]she will be the first member of the Aquinnah Wampanoag tribe
[00:10.60]to attend its law school.
[00:13.04]In some ways, she will be joining an ancestor.
[00:17.28]More than 350 years ago, an Aquinnah Wampanoag man
[00:23.60]named Caleb Cheeshahteaumuck became the first Native American
[00:28.96]to graduate from Harvard University.
[00:32.44]He attended because of its 1650 charter
[00:37.00]calling for the education of "English and Indian youth of this country."
[00:43.96]Maltais says she understands "Harvard's impact"
[00:48.48]because she has always lived nearby.
[00:51.64]And she is the daughter of her tribe's leader.
[00:56.36]Harvard is "a symbol of New England's colonial past,
[01:01.24]this tool of assimilation that pushed Native Americans
[01:05.68]into the background in their own homelands," she said.
[01:09.68]Maltais will arrive on campus at a time when Native American tribes,
[01:16.00]students and University teachers and officials
[01:19.76]are pushing the famous university and other colleges
[01:23.84]to do more for Indigenous communities.
[01:27.40]Many feel the schools need to admit their past wrongs.
[01:32.12]It is similar to the call for states and other communities
[01:36.60]to admit to the wrongs of slavery and discrimination against Black people.
[01:42.52]In Minnesota, 11 tribes have called on the state university system
[01:48.56]to return some of the lands taken from tribes.
[01:52.64]They have also asked for Native American students to attend without payment
[01:58.12]and to increase the number of Native Americans in the administration.
[02:03.48]Tadd Johnson is the University of Minnesota's director
[02:07.88]of tribal relations and a Chippewa tribe member.
[02:12.60]He said the university will create a "truth and reconciliation" process
[02:18.12]to investigate the historical wrongs and find ways to correct them.
[02:24.24]"We're listening," he said, adding the university system
[02:29.12]is acting on "everything that has been thrown at us."
[02:33.32]Meanwhile in Colorado, state lawmakers are considering legislation
[02:39.28]to permit students from certain tribes
[02:42.32]to pay much less to attend the state university system.
[02:46.88]And in California, Native American students also want lower costs.
[02:53.68]Most California state schools have released statements
[02:58.04]that admitted their past wrongs against Native Americans and their lands.
[03:03.72]Tori McConnell is a 21-year-old member of the Yurok Tribe
[03:09.12]who graduates from the University of California, Davis in June.
[03:13.92]"It's only right that they do these things," she said.
[03:18.32]"Actions speak louder than words."
[03:21.68]University spokesperson Ryan King
[03:24.72]said officials are working hard to continue supporting
[03:28.52]Native students and tribal communities.
[03:31.76]He pointed out that the school created an advisory board
[03:36.68]that includes tribal leaders and others.
[03:40.44]Many American universities are a product of an 1862 law
[03:47.08]that paid for the creation of public universities
[03:50.88]through the sale of federal government land.
[03:54.00]But a study found that much of that land
[03:57.68]had been taken from about 250 tribes of Native Americans.
[04:03.68]At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or MIT, near Harvard,
[04:09.96]Native American students looked into the school's past
[04:14.40]as one of the original federal land universities.
[04:19.24]Luke Bastian is a 22-year-old Navajo student from Phoenix.
[04:24.96]He says he and other students presented the results of their class project
[04:30.40]to MIT's president earlier this month.
[04:34.24]The students also asked him to create a Native American studies program.
[04:40.16]University officials say conversations with Native students continue.
[04:46.04]Bastian believes they will make progress.
[04:49.52]Native American students asked for, and received, a meeting place
[04:54.48]for themselves, say Indigenous community backers.
[04:59.32]South Dakota State University uses private donations
[05:03.60]to provide scholarships to local tribal members.
[05:07.56]It also uses money earned from the land
[05:10.88]to improve Native American programming, research and other efforts.
[05:16.92]"We can't change the past,
[05:18.76]but we can change the future for these young people," says Barry Dunn.
[05:24.36]He is the university's president
[05:27.04]and a member of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe
[05:30.76]who started the Wokini Initiative in 2017.
[05:36.32]Native Americans have the lowest graduation rates in the country,
[05:41.40]said Cheryl Crazy Bull.
[05:44.12]She added that the pandemic has made it
[05:46.68]even harder for Native American students.
[05:49.76]She is president of the American Indian College Fund,
[05:54.28]which awarded Maltais her scholarship.
[05:58.00]At Harvard, there is a concern that Native students
[06:01.64]are being asked to withdraw from the school
[06:04.64]for poor grades at higher rates than other students, said Emily Van Dyke.
[06:10.92]She is president of Harvard's Native American alumni group.
[06:16.16]Students and alumni are also pushing Harvard to admit
[06:20.48]that it stands on land where Indigenous peoples once lived, Van Dyke said.
[06:26.16]MIT and the University of California, Davis
[06:30.72]have both admitted to being on land once owned by Native Americans.
[06:36.32]Harvard spokespeople refused to comment.
[06:40.12]However, Joseph Gone heads the school's Native American program.
[06:46.28]He said the university is in talks with local tribes
[06:50.76]and plans to release a statement in the future.
[06:54.64]For her part, Maltais says Harvard and other schools
[06:59.16]should help Native students coming from distant tribal communities
[07:03.56]adjust to university life with counseling and other services.
[07:10.16]She also supports the idea of free education for Native Americans,
[07:15.44]but thinks it is not enough.
[07:17.96]"Sometimes the only reparation for land is land," she said.
[07:24.48]I'm Susan Shand. 更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA京香2018下载
ENTER NUMBET 0015erziba.com.cn
www.hetongla.com.cn
www.xynimz.com.cn
judaba.com.cn
www.6042.com.cn
jymgjxpj.com.cn
www.zgcxwz.org.cn
www.jssykcfc.com.cn
www.rumlay.com.cn
www.cctkzzy.com.cn