[ti:Love: A Chemical Explosion in Your Brain+++爱情不过是大脑中的一种化学反应]
[by:www.21voa.com]
[00:00.00]更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
[00:00.24]From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.
[00:06.60]In the United States, February 14 is Valentine's Day
[00:12.42]-- a day to celebrate lovers and loving relationships.
[00:18.40]Images of red hearts are everywhere.
[00:22.52]Lovers say nice things to each other, like
[00:26.04]"I love you with all my heart" or "I love you heart and soul."
[00:33.44]After all, many cultures view a big, beautiful, red heart
[00:38.72]as the traditional sign of love.
[00:42.64]But maybe it shouldn't be.
[00:46.08]Maybe the symbol of love should be a big, soft, gray brain.
[00:52.18]As it turns out, love is more an activity of the brain than an affair of the heart.
[01:01.72]Over the years, research has shown that love
[01:05.48]affects the brain in many ways and in a number of areas.
[01:12.40]Psychology Today magazine's online blog looked at some studies and noted the results.
[01:20.64]The blog explains that researchers generally use a technology called
[01:26.52]functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI, to study the brain.
[01:35.56]This technology can follow movement of blood inside the brain.
[01:40.82]When a thought, substance, movement, or anything else
[01:46.56]activates a part of the brain, blood flow to that area increases.
[01:53.12]So, fMRIs can identify both the exact location in the brain and the amount of blood.
[02:02.80]The magazine reports that these love studies note something similar:
[02:09.60]that a brain on love looks a lot like a brain on drugs.
[02:15.60]In 2010, researchers at Syracuse University in New York state
[02:21.64]worked with other scientists in West Virginia and Switzerland.
[02:27.87]Syracuse professor Stephanie Ortigue led this study.
[02:33.28]Ortigue and her team found that falling in love
[02:37.72]created the same "euphoric feelings as using cocaine."
[02:43.92]They found that "12 areas of the brain work in tandem
[02:48.42]to release euphoric-inducing chemicals
[02:51.72]such as dopamine, oxytocin" and adrenaline.
[02:57.38]When we are smitten with someone, chemicals such as adrenaline
[03:03.36]make our face turn red, our hands sweat and our heart beat faster.
[03:09.87]The website Health.com describes dopamine as the brain's pleasure chemical.
[03:17.28]It activates the reward circuit in our brain
[03:21.28]and plays a role in drug addiction and falling in love.
[03:26.20]Dopamine makes lovers feel happy and energetic about each other.
[03:32.80]Oxytocin is known as the "love hormone"
[03:36.76]because it deepens feelings of attachment.
[03:41.52]Oxytocin is the hormone that plays a role during pregnancy,
[03:46.55]nursing and in mother-baby attachment.
[03:51.36]Ortigue's team also found that falling in love affected intellectual areas of the brain
[03:58.36]and not just the pleasure and reward center of the brain where drug habits may begin.
[04:05.76]As a side note, they also found that falling in love takes about "a fifth of a second."
[04:15.00]In 2012, researchers at Concordia University in Canada
[04:20.28]with teams in Switzerland and the United States looked at sexual desire, or lust
[04:27.52], and long-term attachment, or love, more closely.
[04:32.36]They wanted to know if lust and love affected the brain differently.
[04:40.76]The researchers of this study asked the study subjects to look at sexy,
[04:46.28]erotic pictures of strangers and photographs of loved ones.
[04:53.24]Then the researchers recorded their brain activity with fMRIs.
[05:00.12]They found that love and lust activate "specific, but related areas of the brain."
[05:08.56]What they found, for the most part, is that sexual desire
[05:12.92]and love seem to affect two parts of the brain the most:
[05:18.44]the insula and the striatum.
[05:22.60]It's no surprise that they found these are also parts of the brain most often affected by drug use.
[05:30.08]But now, let's get back to lust versus love.
[05:36.52]Lustful, sexual desires begin in the pleasure center of the striatum.
[05:43.20]As these feelings develop into attachment love,
[05:47.76]they appear to still be processed in the striatum but in a different area.
[05:54.00]This area is activated by love.
[05:58.76]And it is involved in the process of giving value to things
[06:03.44]that give us pleasure, like food, sex and drugs.
[06:08.48]Jim Pfaus of Concordia was the lead writer of a report on that study.
[06:15.88]He told Psychology Today that, "Love is actually a habit
[06:21.64]that is formed from sexual desire as desire is rewarded.
[06:27.80]It works the same way in the brain as when people become addicted to drugs."
[06:34.16]So, if you celebrate Valentine's Day remember that your feelings of love
[06:39.80]are really a complicated chemical reaction happening in your brain
[06:45.16]-- which if you like science -- is actually kind of sexy.
[06:50.76]However, if your partner isn't so scientifically-minded,
[06:55.80]maybe keep the science to yourself
[06:58.56]and instead give them a gift of flowers or chocolate this Valentine's Day.
[07:05.16]And that's the Health & Lifestyle report.
[07:07.68]I'm Anna Matteo. 更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA京香2018下载
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