[ti:Health Officials Watch for Side Effects from COVID-19 Vaccine]
[by:www.21voa.com]
[00:00.00]更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
[00:00.04]From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.
[00:07.56]As COVID-19 vaccinations begin, health officials around the world
[00:13.56]are watching for any problems that might develop.
[00:18.56]These side effects -- a result from taking the vaccine
[00:22.96]-- are both expected and unexpected.
[00:28.04]Recently, two health workers in the state of Alaska
[00:32.60]experienced allergic reactions
[00:36.00]after receiving the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine.
[00:41.20]One had a severe reaction and was hospitalized for observation.
[00:47.92]The second worker's reaction was less severe.
[00:53.40]Britain recently reported two similar cases.
[00:58.72]The Associated Press (AP) reported
[01:01.20]that these people had serious allergies in the past.
[01:05.96]As a result, British officials have warned people
[01:10.32]with a history of severe allergies to medicines
[01:14.32]to delay getting the vaccination.
[01:18.24]Health officials in the United States are not giving such a strong warning.
[01:25.04]Healthcare workers in the U.S.
[01:27.28]always ask people about allergies before vaccinations.
[01:33.52]Instructions for the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine say to avoid it
[01:39.36]if you are severely allergic to one of its ingredients
[01:44.32]or already have had a reaction to it.
[01:49.32]The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
[01:53.20]advises people to remain under observation
[01:57.08]for about 15 minutes after a vaccination.
[02:02.96]Those with a history of allergies should remain for 30 minutes.
[02:08.56]If they have a reaction, they can be treated immediately.
[02:15.00]However, doctors said the health worker in Alaska
[02:19.36]who had the severe allergic reaction had no history of allergies.
[02:25.68]She experienced redness in her face
[02:29.64]and difficulty breathing 10 minutes after the first shot.
[02:34.88]She will not be given a second vaccine shot.
[02:40.20]The second Alaskan worker experienced less severe signs.
[02:46.16]Her eyes became puffy, her throat scratchy,
[02:50.48]and she felt shaky or light-headed.
[02:55.72]Allergic reactions are common with new medicines.
[02:59.92]However, observing COVID-19 vaccines
[03:04.44]for unexpected side effects is more difficult in this case.
[03:09.64]That is because of the huge number of people
[03:13.32]who need to be vaccinated over the next year.
[03:17.92]Another difficulty is the different kinds of vaccines
[03:22.12]being used at the same time.
[03:25.68]It is quite possible that one vaccine
[03:28.72]will have different side effects than another.
[03:33.08]The first vaccine beginning widespread use in the U.S.
[03:37.44]and many Western countries is the one made by Pfizer
[03:42.12]and Germany's BioNTech.
[03:45.64]The second vaccine from the company Moderna is expected soon.
[03:52.52]Both vaccines were made using the same method.
[03:56.72]The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said
[04:00.40]that huge studies of each have uncovered no major safety risks.
[04:07.64]Dr. Jesse Goodman, of Georgetown University,
[04:12.40]used to be a top vaccine official at the FDA.
[04:17.80]He told the AP that the allergy concern "points out again
[04:22.76]the importance of real-time safety monitoring."
[04:27.92]Health officials have several ways of observing
[04:31.88]how people react to COVID-19 vaccines.
[04:36.88]The AP said that in coming months as more people get vaccinated,
[04:42.08]health officials will create more ways to monitor reactions to the vaccines.
[04:50.24]Getting either the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine
[04:54.88]can cause some temporary discomfort.
[04:59.04]This happens with many vaccines.
[05:02.12]In addition to pain in the arm, people can experience
[05:07.32]a high body temperature and other flu-like symptoms.
[05:11.92]These include extreme tiredness,
[05:15.76]body pain, feeling cold, and a headache.
[05:21.28]These symptoms last for about a day.
[05:25.24]But sometimes they can be severe, causing the person to miss work.
[05:31.80]Reports suggest these symptoms are more common after the second shot
[05:37.84]and more common in younger people.
[05:42.16]COVID-19 vaccines seem to cause more of those reactions than a flu shot.
[05:49.40]In some people, the reaction is similar
[05:52.84]to one people get to the vaccine for the infection called shingles.
[05:59.12]However, some reactions are similar to early coronavirus symptoms.
[06:05.36]This is one reason hospitals are not giving the vaccine
[06:10.32]to all their employees at the same time.
[06:14.60]They are giving the vaccines to workers in smaller groups
[06:18.64]over a longer period of time.
[06:22.56]The FDA found no serious side effects
[06:26.12]in the tens of thousands of people involved in studies of the two vaccines.
[06:33.08]However, sometimes rare but serious side effects
[06:36.88]happen when a vaccine is used very widely.
[06:41.04]This also happens when the vaccine did not go through exact and complete tests.
[06:49.28]The CDC's Dr. Jay Butler warned that balancing any possible risks
[06:55.40]"with the benefits the vaccine provides in the pandemic is an ongoing process."
[07:02.28]And that's the Health & Lifestyle report.
[07:05.36]I'm Anna Matteo. 更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
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