[ti:Huge US Study Starts Sharing Gene Findings with Volunteers]
[by:www.21voa.com]
[00:00.00]更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
[00:00.04]DNA is the main molecule that carries genetic information in the cells of living things.
[00:09.96]More than 155,000 Americans
[00:14.88]who shared their DNA for science are about to learn something in return:
[00:21.63]Do they have any worrisome genes?
[00:26.36]It is part of a very large study to see how people's genetics, environments,
[00:33.93]and behavior combine to govern their overall health.
[00:40.04]The National Institutes of Health (NIH) said recently it is now starting to tell
[00:47.87]those in the study about some early findings.
[00:53.32]Like if they carry variants that can cause any of 59 genetically passed down diseases
[01:01.54]or cause medication problems.
[01:05.76]Because everyone with the same gene will not have the same health outcome,
[01:11.70]sharing those results may mean new discoveries.
[01:17.48]Dr. Josh Denny heads the NIH's study, called "All of Us."
[01:25.08]He asked, "What are the drivers in that variability?"
[01:31.40]And he added, "The way they change their behaviors in response to the findings,
[01:38.04]we'll be able to look at that."
[01:41.52]The All of Us study is a never-before-seen effort to reduce differences in healthcare
[01:49.15]and end today's one-size fits all care.
[01:54.68]Researchers aim to follow 1 million people from different groups for at least ten years.
[02:04.36]Their goal is to better understand the complex combinations
[02:09.63]of reasons that decide why one child gets sick and not another,
[02:16.44]or why a cure for one patient fails in another.
[02:22.16]Volunteers share DNA samples, medical records and health history.
[02:29.84]About 560,000 have signed up so far.
[02:35.48]And more importantly, nearly half are from racial and ethnic groups
[02:41.87]historically left out of medical research.
[02:46.60]Traditionally, such studies are like a one-way street – scientists learn a lot from volunteers
[02:55.31]who get little personal information in return.
[03:00.12]But in an unusual move, All of Us volunteers get to decide if they want to learn
[03:07.29]health-related genetic findings, long before the study's finished.
[03:14.16]Rachel Peterson is an NIH employee who volunteered for All of Us
[03:20.31]before recently becoming a leading member of the project.
[03:25.60]An All of Us genetic counselor
[03:28.05]informed her that she was at increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer
[03:35.24]because of a gene named BRCA-2.
[03:39.48]Peterson did not know that was a risk for her family.
[03:44.44]She plans to discuss health treatments with her doctor,
[03:48.26]such as increased breast cancer screening.
[03:53.04]She said, "I kind of shudder to think about what could happen if I hadn't known this."
[04:00.68]Denny estimated two to three percent of study volunteers
[04:05.61]will learn they have a well-known genetic variant
[04:09.36]that can cause some cancers, heart conditions, or other health problems.
[04:16.32]Many more will have genetic variants
[04:19.06]that affect how their body processes some medicines.
[04:24.60]For now, volunteers will only be given findings they can do something about,
[04:30.45]such as seeking earlier testing, or changing medications.
[04:36.76]They will be offered free testing, genetic counseling,
[04:40.90]and help with sharing the information with their doctors and family members.
[04:47.88]But there is a lot more to learn.
[04:50.68]For example, many of the disease-linked genes
[04:55.22]were discovered by studying people of European ancestry.
[05:01.12]Eric Venner of Baylor College of Medicine is a genetics expert.
[05:07.40]He said different variants may affect other ancestries.
[05:13.08]And his team is studying the data from All of Us
[05:17.15]to see which differences matter most to which populations.
[05:23.32]Denny commented on the power of being able to talk to volunteers
[05:28.36]who they could work with for tens of years.
[05:32.52]If new findings affect study volunteers,
[05:36.20]"we're going to keep things up to date," Denny said.
[05:40.92]I'm Gregory Stachel.更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA京香2018下载
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