[ti:Nickel Mine, Environmental Activists Exist Together in Michigan]
[by:www.21voa.com]
[00:00.00]更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
[00:00.04]About 20 years ago,
[00:02.04]the international mining company Rio Tinto
[00:05.76]said it would open a nickel mine
[00:08.76]in the far northern part
[00:10.20]of the American state of Michigan.
[00:12.56]Rio Tinto promised good jobs
[00:16.40]for people in the area close to Canada.
[00:19.36]But environmental activists had concerns.
[00:23.56]They were worried about industrial pollution
[00:26.72]from the metal, the mining byproducts
[00:30.40]and contaminated water runoff into rivers and lakes.
[00:35.08]Many observers expected a long
[00:38.48]legal fight between the two sides.
[00:41.04]Some did not believe the mine would ever open.
[00:44.80]But the Eagle mine has been open for more than 10 years.
[00:48.92]There have been no accidents or pollution problems.
[00:52.28]People in the area who once protested the mine
[00:56.12]have found a way to exist with the mine.
[00:59.64]Maura Davenport is one of those people.
[01:03.28]She is one of the top leaders of
[01:05.28]the Superior Watershed Partnership (SWP),
[01:10.12]an environmental interest group.
[01:12.88]"I was fiercely opposed to the mine,
[01:16.36]and I changed," she said.
[01:19.56]Davenport's group was invited
[01:22.16]to act as a "watchdog" for the mine.
[01:25.16]Rio Tinto asked the group
[01:27.84]to oversee pollution testing
[01:30.44]that has higher standards than regulators require.
[01:34.84]The cooperation between the environmental group
[01:38.32]and the mining company may be an example
[01:41.64]for other mines around the world.
[01:45.68]Many new mines are opening
[01:48.08]in order to provide minerals needed to make items
[01:52.52]used by the green energy economy.
[01:56.04]These items include batteries,
[01:59.12]electrical wire and magnets.
[02:02.76]If countries around the world are to meet
[02:05.60]the climate goals set in Paris in 2015,
[02:10.60]there needs to be a 400-percent increase
[02:14.12]in the production of these minerals.
[02:17.36]The International Energy Agency said
[02:20.44]there needs to be an increase of 19 times
[02:24.52]in nickel production alone.
[02:27.44]Davenport said the Eagle mine
[02:30.36]proposal "divided our community."
[02:33.16]Other mines in northern Michigan
[02:36.00]had opened in the 1800s
[02:38.56]and closed in the 1930s.
[02:41.88]The mining companies left behind
[02:44.68]large open holes and environmental damage.
[02:48.72]Water that ran from the mine
[02:51.36]polluted Lake Superior,
[02:53.60]one of the Great Lakes in the northern Midwest.
[02:57.28]Simon Nish worked for Rio Tinto
[03:00.96]when the Eagle mine was proposed.
[03:03.80]He said he understands the "dilemma"
[03:07.04]that communities face.
[03:09.28]They need jobs and an economic benefit, he said,
[03:13.88]but "don't want long-term environmental consequences."
[03:17.92]Residents do not trust the big mining companies he said,
[03:23.80]so it makes it easier to say no to proposals.
[03:27.84]He worked in Australia in the 1990s
[03:32.08]when mining companies wanted to use land
[03:35.40]where native Aboriginal people lived.
[03:38.40]He said he learned that businesses
[03:41.80]need to "understand the interests of both sides"
[03:45.72]if they want long-term success.
[03:48.40]When Nish arrived in Michigan in 2011,
[03:52.36]the mine was under construction.
[03:54.80]But it faced several legal disputes.
[03:58.84]In order to find a way for the mine to open,
[04:01.96]Nish considered looking for a partner.
[04:04.56]Nish said the Superior Watershed Partnership
[04:08.28]was already testing water around the area.
[04:11.24]He asked if they would consider running
[04:14.20]an environmental testing program for the mine.
[04:18.20]Over a few months, Rio Tinto
[04:21.04]and the SWP made a plan for testing.
[04:25.12]The group required open access to the mine.
[04:28.32]It would also test groundwater in the surrounding area.
[04:33.24]And it required permission to test
[04:35.64]a processing center 30 kilometers away.
[04:39.36]Rio Tinto was required to pay for the work.
[04:44.28]The agreement launching
[04:45.92]the Community Environmental Monitoring Program
[04:48.88]was signed in 2012.
[04:51.64]More than 10 years later,
[04:53.88]no major pollution problems have turned up.
[04:57.20]But some environmental groups are still concerned.
[05:00.24]Rochelle Dale is head of the Yellow Dog Watershed Preserve.
[05:05.04]She said Eagle mine and the testing program
[05:09.00]are doing good work.
[05:10.56]But, she said, "a lot of the sulfide mines in the past
[05:15.64]haven't really had a problem until after closure.
[05:19.80]It's something that our grandchildren are going to inherit."
[05:24.28]As more mines open up to help meet
[05:27.56]the world's demand for new minerals,
[05:30.56]mining companies are starting to understand
[05:33.36]how important local support is to their success.
[05:37.68]The partnership in Northern Michigan
[05:40.64]gives large mining companies a "road map."
[05:44.72]But, although it has been successful so far,
[05:48.76]there is no guarantee that an accident will not happen
[05:52.32]that pollutes the area in the future.
[05:55.16]I'm Dan Friedell. 更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA京香2018下载
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