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[00:00.16]Three British-born scientists have won the 2016 Nobel Prize for Physics.
[00:07.73]The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the award on Tuesday.
[00:14.76]The academy is recognizing David J. Thouless, F. Duncan Haldane
[00:21.25]and J. Michael Kosterlitz for their work in topology,
[00:25.49]an advanced field of mathematics.
[00:28.52]Topology describes the properties of objects.
[00:33.88]Thouless, aged 82, once taught at the University of Washington,
[00:40.43]but is now a professor emeritus.
[00:43.64]Haldane, 65, is a physics professor at Princeton University in New Jersey.
[00:51.16]Kosterlitz, 73, is a physics professor at Brown University in Rhode Island.
[00:59.13]The men launched their experiments in the 1970s.
[01:04.29]The academy said their research projects brought about a new
[01:09.08]and unexpected understanding of the way solid materials behave.
[01:15.28]It said they also developed their own mathematical equations to explain the behaviors.
[01:23.20]In a statement, the Nobel judges said,
[01:26.76]"This year's laureates opened the door on an unknown world
[01:31.28]where matter can assume strange states.
[01:34.92]Thanks to their pioneering work,
[01:37.59]the hunt is now on for new and exotic phases of matter."
[01:42.95]The judges said there is hope that topological materials
[01:48.12]will help create new generations of electronics and superconductors.
[01:53.76]Haldane told reporters he was "very surprised and very gratified" to win the award.
[02:01.62]"A lot of tremendous new discoveries
[02:04.80]that are based on this original work are now happening."
[02:09.05]He added that the discoveries came by accident,
[02:13.24]which is often the case with science.
[02:16.92]"You stumble on it and you have the luck
[02:19.80]to recognize what you've found is something very interesting."
[02:24.38]The Associated Press spoke by telephone with Kosterlitz, who was in Finland.
[02:31.56]He said he was "a little bit dazzled" and "still trying to take it in."
[02:38.56]The Nobel Prize for Physics comes with a monetary prize of $930,000,
[02:46.11]which is split among the winners.
[02:48.84]The Nobel laureates will also collect a medal and diploma
[02:54.19]at an award ceremony on December 10.
[02:57.80]The first Nobel Prize of this year – for Physiology or Medicine - was announced Monday.
[03:05.72]That award went to Japanese scientist Yushinori Ohsumi
[03:10.40]for experiments related to baker's yeast.
[03:13.76]Other Nobel prizes will be announced this week and next week.
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