[ti:Rising Costs Hurt Turkey’s Tobacco Industry]
[by:www.21voa.com]
[00:00.00]更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
[00:00.04]Tobacco is one of Turkey's top agricultural products.
[00:04.12]But some of the country's tobacco farmers
[00:07.12]say rising operating costs linked to inflation
[00:11.60]are cutting deeply into their profits.
[00:15.16]In the tobacco growing area of Celikhan in the country's southeast,
[00:20.84]farm worker Mehmet Emin Calkan
[00:24.84]said people are struggling and "don't have much to live on."
[00:30.20]Calkan is 19 years old
[00:32.84]and hopes to go to university to study electronic engineering.
[00:37.68]But for now, he works in the fields.
[00:41.20]He told the Associated Press he sometimes works until 9 p.m.
[00:47.04]Calkan said he needs to work long days
[00:50.52]to help his family pay for the books he needs
[00:54.28]to prepare for the university entrance exam.
[00:58.04]The man who runs the tobacco farm is Ismail Demir.
[01:03.68]He said he is not making as much money this year
[01:06.76]because fertilizer is so costly.
[01:10.40]Fertilizer is a chemical that helps plants grow.
[01:14.24]Other costs are high, too, such as the diesel fuel
[01:19.96]he puts into his vehicle to drive to the fields.
[01:24.24]Last year he spent about $3 to drive to work.
[01:29.40]Now it costs about $16 to travel the same distance.
[01:35.68]The difficulties the farm owner and his worker are experiencing
[01:40.24]are happening in other industries across Turkey.
[01:43.64]The country is facing economic problems
[01:46.96]driven in part by inflation and weak currency valuations.
[01:53.28]The Turkish government announced Monday
[01:55.96]that inflation rose nearly 84 percent from a year earlier.
[02:00.96]That is the country's highest increase in 24 years.
[02:06.80]It is also the highest among the world's 20 largest economies.
[02:12.52]Independent experts
[02:14.36]say the country's actual inflation rate is much higher.
[02:18.92]The Inflation Research Group
[02:21.32]has estimated the rate is about 186 percent.
[02:26.68]The largest increases are costs for transportation,
[02:31.52]food and non-alcoholic drinks.
[02:35.96]Some countries are seeing price increases
[02:38.28]because of economic slowdowns
[02:40.68]related to the COVID-19 pandemic
[02:43.52]and the invasion of Ukraine by Russia.
[02:47.52]But economists who study Turkey
[02:50.08]say the country's economic problems are mostly linked
[02:54.88]to financial policy mistakes made by the government.
[02:59.28]For example, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan
[03:04.16]has said he believes higher costs for borrowing money
[03:08.28]leads to higher prices.
[03:11.00]Most economists, however, believe the opposite is true.
[03:14.64]But because of the president's pressure,
[03:17.68]the Turkish central bank has lowered the cost of borrowing.
[03:22.60]When the bank recently lowered the cost of
[03:24.72]borrowing by one percent, to 12 percent,
[03:28.32]it weakened Turkey's money, the lira.
[03:32.24]The currency has lost more than 50 percent of its value since 2021.
[03:38.40]Erdogan is up for election in June 2023.
[03:42.48]He has said his government is centering on measures
[03:46.00]aimed at increasing exports and driving economic growth.
[03:51.20]Such policies have already helped save 10 million jobs,
[03:56.24]the president claims.
[03:59.12]In a recent speech, Erdogan said
[04:02.28]the interest rate "has to go down further."
[04:05.20]He suggested this will cause inflation to drop as well.
[04:10.76]The Turkish government has put a number
[04:13.04]of policies in place to help people deal with inflation.
[04:17.16]It increased the minimum wage,
[04:19.72]put in a limit on rent increases
[04:23.40]and reduced taxes on energy bills.
[04:26.88]But even with the policies,
[04:29.40]people are having trouble keeping up with basic living costs,
[04:33.60]also called expenses.
[04:38.28]Another tobacco grower in Celikhan is Ibrahim Suna.
[04:43.08]He said he is currently struggling to support his family.
[04:48.12]"Tobacco is our only means of living,
[04:50.80]and we have no other income," Suna said.
[04:54.08]He has five children.
[04:56.20]Suna said he expects to earn about $5,400 this year
[05:02.00]from a harvest of 400 kilograms of tobacco.
[05:06.72]But, he noted, "half of it will go to expenses."
[05:11.24]I'm Dan Friedell. 更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA京香2018下载
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