[ti:Scientists Discover Compound in Corals Shown to Fight Cancer]
[by:www.21voa.com]
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[00:00.04]Researchers say they have discovered a chemical
[00:04.56]found in sea corals that could be effective in treating cancer.
[00:11.36]Scientists had been searching for the compound for more than 25 years
[00:18.44]after early studies in the 1990s suggested it could slow cancer cell growth.
[00:26.68]A researcher finally discovered the substance
[00:30.96]in a common kind of soft coral off the coast
[00:34.04]of the American state of Florida.
[00:39.12]A research team from the University of Utah has confirmed the discovery.
[00:46.28]The team said their results could lead to widespread production
[00:52.72]of the substance for use in cancer drugs.
[00:57.20]The researchers recently described their findings
[01:01.96]in a study in the publication Nature Chemical Biology.
[01:08.24]The use of natural substances to treat disease is not new,
[01:14.56]the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) reports.
[01:22.68]Compounds from all kinds of organisms
[01:26.68]– including sea life, snakes, spiders and other animals
[01:32.44]– have long been studied and tested
[01:35.68]as possible treatments for many health conditions.
[01:40.52]Since many corals stay in one place,
[01:44.48]they have developed chemical defenses
[01:47.72]to protect against other forms of sea life
[01:51.72]that could threaten them, NOAA reports.
[01:55.36]Scientists study such chemicals
[01:59.56]in an effort to find effective medical uses.
[02:03.84]But a major barrier to these efforts
[02:07.60]has been the difficulty of gathering enough of these compounds
[02:12.84]to carry out effective research.
[02:15.80]The chemical used in the latest study is called eleutherobin.
[02:22.24]It was discovered in soft corals near Australia.
[02:27.08]Scientists reported in the 1990s
[02:31.12]that the chemical had cancer-fighting properties.
[02:35.24]Researchers involved in the study said the chemical can play a part
[02:41.32]in breaking down important cell structures.
[02:45.44]It is used by soft corals as a defense against predators.
[02:51.56]But scientific studies have suggested the compound
[02:56.68]also shows promise in reducing cancer cell growth.
[03:02.12]The studies led scientists to keep searching
[03:06.72]for large amounts of the chemical
[03:09.40]that would be necessary to carry out additional testing
[03:13.72]and possibly develop new cancer drugs.
[03:17.60]But those efforts were unsuccessful for many years.
[03:22.84]Then, a scientist working on the University of Utah team, Paul Scesa,
[03:29.80]found a soft coral in the ocean off the Florida coast
[03:34.72]that contained eleutherobin.
[03:37.80]The team sought to find outwhether the corals
[03:42.08]made the chemical themselves or whether it was produced
[03:46.88]by symbiotic organisms living inside the corals.
[03:51.96]Scesa said in a statement it did not "make sense" to him
[03:57.64]that the compound would only be produced by other organisms.
[04:02.52]His team knew, for example, that some soft corals
[04:08.12]do not have symbiotic organisms
[04:11.12]and yet their bodies contain the same collection of chemicals.
[04:16.24]To test their theory, the researchers attempted to find out
[04:21.36]how the corals were producing the compound.
[04:25.20]To do this, they needed to study the corals' genetic code
[04:30.60]to learn whether it included instructions
[04:34.12]on how to produce the chemical.
[04:37.12]This process is possible through modern methods
[04:41.96]for studying the DNA of organisms.
[04:45.56]DNA is present in nearly all living things
[04:50.28]and is the carrier of genetic information.
[04:54.16]The next step was difficult because the scientists did not know
[05:00.40]what the instructions for making the chemical should look like.
[05:05.48]But they reported they were able to identify parts of DNA in the coral
[05:12.20]that were very close to genetic instructions
[05:16.12]for similar compounds in other species.
[05:20.00]They were then able to provide those instructions
[05:24.44]to bacteria grown inside a laboratory.
[05:29.16]The team reported that the bacterial microorganisms
[05:34.12]were able to copy the first steps of making eleutherobin.
[05:40.04]"This is the first time we have been able to do this
[05:45.00]with any drug lead on Earth," said lead researcher Eric Schmidt.
[05:51.32]He is a professor of medicinal chemistry at the University of Utah Health.
[05:59.04]The researchers say their experiments demonstrated
[06:03.80]that it should be possible to manufacture the chemical in the laboratory.
[06:09.96]This could lead to possible widespread production
[06:14.96]of new anti-cancer drugs.
[06:17.92]Scesa said he hopes to one day be able
[06:22.08]to hand over the medicine to a doctor.
[06:25.40]"I think of it as going from the bottom of the ocean
[06:29.84]to bench to bedside," he said.
[06:33.84]I'm Bryan Lynn. 更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA京香2018下载
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