[ti:Letting Religion Into the Classroom, but Setting Limits]
[ar:Steve Ember]
[al:Education Report]
[by:www.21voa.com]
[00:00.00]This is the VOA Special English
[00:02.93]Education Report.
[00:05.04]Public schools in the United States
[00:07.60]have to be neutral about religion,
[00:10.36]even though they close
[00:11.84]for holidays like Christmas.
[00:13.93]The Constitution separates religion
[00:17.04]from government.
[00:18.37]Researcher Charles Haynes
[00:20.40]explains what it says.
[00:22.07]"'Congress shall make
[00:23.66]no law respecting
[00:25.51]an establishment of religion,
[00:27.03]or prohibiting the free
[00:29.00]exercise thereof ... '
[00:30.51]Those sixteen words
[00:32.30]provide the framework
[00:33.95]for how we deal with religion
[00:36.18]in our public schools."
[00:37.59]Those words are part
[00:39.23]of the First Amendment,
[00:40.90]which guarantees freedom
[00:42.68]of expression and other rights.
[00:45.22]Charles Haynes is a senior scholar
[00:47.98]at the First Amendment Center,
[00:50.18]a group that studies free
[00:52.46]expression issues.
[00:53.99]In the last generation or so,
[00:56.60]different groups have encouraged
[00:59.12]public schools to celebrate
[01:01.38]diversity and cultural differences.
[01:04.16]At the same time,
[01:06.15]courts have ruled against
[01:08.47]any publicly supported celebrations
[01:11.36]of one religion over another.
[01:14.49]Charles Haynes thinks the schools
[01:16.88]are generally doing a good job.
[01:19.30]"So public schools now
[01:21.39]I think understand that
[01:23.33]their role is to expose students
[01:26.51]to learning about different religions
[01:28.41]in a fair way, an objective way.
[01:32.26]Their role is to protect
[01:34.83]the religious liberty rights of students;
[01:37.41]if they want to express their faith,
[01:39.51]they may do so.
[01:41.00]But school officials
[01:43.09]under the First Amendment
[01:44.77]may not take sides in religion."
[01:46.72]Hollie Jones teaches six year olds
[01:49.92]at a public school
[01:51.21]in Loudon County,Virginia.
[01:53.66]Each December, she has her students
[01:56.62]make posters about their
[01:58.92]own celebrations at home
[02:00.90]and present them to the class.
[02:03.36]The posters are discussed
[02:05.77]and then shown on the walls
[02:08.26]at the school.
[02:09.36]And what celebrations
[02:11.13]have been represented?
[02:12.49]"Four years looking back,
[02:13.94]we've had some students
[02:16.19]will do Hanukkah, some Kwanzaa,
[02:19.17]some Christmas.
[02:20.76]Some we've had in the past
[02:23.14]do the Chinese New Year.
[02:24.30]This year I had a student
[02:28.08]whose father was from Iceland,
[02:29.50]and he did the Icelandic Elf School,
[02:32.22]and talked about
[02:33.24]all the different elves
[02:34.36]that are represented
[02:35.68]and their names
[02:36.96]and their meanings."
[02:38.85]Some children come
[02:40.42]from families with
[02:41.70]more than one religion.
[02:42.74]" I have had many students
[02:45.85]who come from a blended culture family
[02:48.53]who perhaps the mother
[02:50.81]celebrated Hanukkah
[02:51.90]and the father celebrated
[02:53.22]a different holiday,
[02:54.28]and so they really do both
[02:56.55]within their home."
[02:57.81]Hollie Jones says the children
[02:59.70]always ask lots of questions
[03:02.17]about the traditions of other families.
[03:05.24]"And it's really interesting
[03:06.90]because for many children,
[03:07.87]especially in first grade,
[03:09.01]they are very unaware that
[03:10.14]these different things go on
[03:11.46]in other homes.
[03:12.86]So it's not necessarily imposing
[03:16.36]other religions on them,
[03:18.13]but just kind of creating a sense
[03:19.88]of awareness in celebration
[03:21.05]of how different and diverse
[03:22.43]just within our classroom we are."
[03:24.31]And Charles Haynes says
[03:25.92]that is one of the purposes
[03:27.89]of public education in America.
[03:30.63]And that's the VOA Special English
[03:34.26]Education Report,
[03:35.57]written by Nancy Steinbach.
[03:37.73]You can find transcripts
[03:39.99]and podcasts of our reports,
[03:42.31]and you can post comments,
[03:44.15]at 51voa.com. And you can find us
[03:49.83]on Twitter and YouTube
[03:52.07]at VOA Learning English.
[03:54.88]I'm Steve Ember.
END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA¾©Ïã2018ÏÂÔØ
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