[ti:Everyday Grammar Introducing Conditionals]
[ar:Jonathan Evans]
[al:Education Report]
[by:www.21voa.com]
[00:00.00]In this week's episode of Everyday Grammar, 
[00:03.42]we are going to talk about conditionals. 
[00:06.47]We use conditionals to show that something is true  
[00:11.07]only when something else is true. 
[00:14.05]Conditionals offer endless possibilities 
[00:17.74]for creative and imaginative expression.
[00:21.79]The present real conditional is the most basic kind of conditional. 
[00:27.24]Basically, when A happens, B happens.
[00:32.13]Here's an example of a present real conditional:
[00:36.33]"If it rains, I bring an umbrella."
[00:40.22]Conditionals have two parts: 
[00:43.70]the if clause: "if it rains," 
[00:47.09]and the result clause: "I bring an umbrella." 
[00:51.05]You could also say "I bring an umbrella if it rains."
[00:56.50]Poets and songwriters often use conditionals in their work. 
[01:02.09]Listen for the present real conditional in this song 
[01:06.57]by American songwriter Bob Dylan.
[01:09.55]"If you see her, say hello
[01:14.11]She might be in Tangier"
[01:16.71]Notice that the verbs see and say 
[01:22.80]are both in the present tense for the present real conditional.
[01:27.74]The next conditional that we're going to talk about 
[01:31.95]is the present unreal conditional. 
[01:34.73]Use the present unreal conditional to talk about 
[01:39.22]what you would do in an unreal, or imaginary situation. 
[01:44.31]If A happened, B would happen. 
[01:48.18]For example, "If I were you, I would take the job." 
[01:53.68]The key word is would; it makes the conditional unreal. 
[01:59.91]Would can only be used in the result clause of the sentence. 
[02:05.58]Here's an example from American singer Johnny Cash.
[02:10.80]"If I were a carpenter
[02:13.28]And you were a lady
[02:16.14]Would you marry me anyway?
[02:18.82]Would you have my baby?"
[02:22.00]To form a present unreal conditional, 
[02:26.36]use a simple past verb in the if clause. 
[02:30.14]In the result clause, use would followed by a simple present verb.
[02:36.84]Use the verb were for all nouns in the if clause of the sentence. 
[02:42.59]For example, "If she were an animal, she would be a cat." 
[02:48.12]In informal speech, people might say, 
[02:52.74]"If she was an animal, she would be a cat." 
[02:55.73]But you should avoid this in formal writing.
[02:59.75]Now let's talk about the future real conditional. 
[03:04.54]If A happens, B will happen. 
[03:07.77]To make a future real conditional, use will in the result clause. 
[03:13.23]For example, "If your plane is late, I will wait in the car." 
[03:18.88]Use the future real conditional to talk about possible situations in the future.
[03:25.73]Speakers sometimes use the future real conditional to threaten others. 
[03:32.47]Listen to actor Liam Neeson in the 2013 movie Taken. 
[03:37.98]In this scene of the movie, 
[03:40.61]Neeson's character is on the phone threatening the man who kidnapped his daughter.
[03:46.20]"If you let my daughter go now, that'll be the end of it. 
[03:51.20]I will not look for you. I will not pursue you. 
[03:54.13]But if you don't, I will look for you, I will find you, and I will kill you."
[04:03.64]This is only a quick introduction to conditionals. 
[04:08.60]In a future episode of Everyday Grammar, 
[04:11.79]we will talk about past and mixed conditionals. 
[04:16.06]Until then, we will leave you with country music stars Johnny Cash and June Carter.
[04:23.24]"If I were a carpenter
[04:25.66]And you were a lady
[04:28.55]I'd marry you anyway
[04:31.11]I'd have your baby"
[04:33.96]I'm Jonathan Evans.
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