[00:00.16]From VOA Learning English,
[00:02.44]this is the Health and Lifestyle report.
[00:05.84]For the past 15 years,
[00:08.12]experts on obesity have gathered in Plymouth, England
[00:12.04]to attend a conference.
[00:14.72]It is estimated that more than half the city's adults
[00:18.56]are overweight or obese.
[00:22.16]The rest of Britain is not doing much better.
[00:26.20]But what is happening in the U.K.
[00:29.12]is also happening in the U.S.
[00:31.92]and other Western countries
[00:34.24]as well as in a growing number of developing nations.
[00:39.12]VOA's Joe De Capua
[00:41.72]talked with the expert who chaired the conference
[00:45.04]called the Plymouth Symposium on Obesity,
[00:48.88]Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome.
[00:53.04]Jonathan Pinkney is a professor of endocrinology
[00:57.60]and diabetes at Plymouth University.
[01:01.96]Professor Pinkney said obesity is a long-term problem
[01:07.04]that is very difficult to solve.
[01:10.40]He said no one health issue
[01:13.16]has more impact on human health than obesity.
[01:17.80]Professor Pinkney called obesity a complex issue
[01:22.08]involving more than what a person eats.
[01:25.24]"I personally feel that this is such a wide field.
[01:28.48]There are so many issues. There's politics. There's biology. There's the food industry.
[01:34.60]There's everything you can imagine.
[01:36.36]So, I think it's right to talk about everything under one umbrella.
[01:41.60]Mr. Pinkney says obesity can interfere
[01:45.52]and impair the ability to have a normal life.
[01:49.28]It can destroy or devastate personal relationship.
[01:54.16]"When body size becomes so huge that it impairs people's day-to-day function
[01:59.40]and quality of life and well-being and personal relationships... yeah, that's kind of devastating.
[02:05.00]That tends to occur at a higher level of body weight."
[02:08.92]Mr. Pinkney warns that even people who are not considered obese
[02:14.24]can still be at risk.
[02:16.60]He said many people eat the wrong foods
[02:19.92]and do not get enough physical activity.
[02:24.08]People have been getting heavier and heavier slowly over time, he said.
[02:29.20]And that's a problem.
[02:30.68]"That's the more important point for the health of the population.
[02:33.88]You know, all the diabetes and heart attacks and cancers and things.
[02:37.80]I mean that's really caused by lower levels of weight gain."
[02:44.76]The conference provided much information about the biology of the brain
[02:47.16]and appetite control.
[02:49.84]The professor said people know how to eat healthy.
[02:53.76]But this knowledge is often overtaken by marketing of the food industry.
[02:59.92]Advertisers show food on television and in print in a way that creates immediate desire.
[03:07.92]Professor Pinkney said these images can help lead some people to eat unhealthy foods.
[03:15.12]He said he believes such pressure overpowers the biological systems
[03:20.28]that work to keep people at a healthy weight.
[03:23.80]Professor Pinkney said it is difficult to make progress in populations
[03:28.96]that eat a lot of sugar, salt and fat.
[03:32.20]"There's a multinational food industry and there's huge vested interest in selling a lot of the stuff."
[03:37.84]The expert argued that the obesity epidemic must be stopped at its source:
[03:43.80]when eating habits begin. Children, he said,
[03:48.00]often learn poor eating habits from their parents.
[03:51.76]"I think a lot of things start very early in life.
[03:54.96]You know, it's difficult to break the habits of a lifetime, isn't it? I think we all find that.
[03:59.36]But I think our health and our prospects for the future
[04:02.16]are kind of laid down fairly early.
[04:04.40]And I think that's not surprising. Big kids often have big parents.
[04:08.16]I think they learn this at an early stage."
[04:10.88]The professor suggests one way to improve the situation.
[04:15.24]He said children should be protected from advertising and marketing put out by the food industry.
[04:23.40]Besides marketing campaigns,
[04:25.56]the professor also blames refined carbohydrates and sugars
[04:30.92]for much of the obesity epidemic.
[04:34.36]Carbohydrates are commonly put into two groups:
[04:38.08]simple and complex.
[04:40.56]They can also be categorized as unrefined and refined carbohydrates.
[04:46.92]"Refining" is a process that removes fiber,
[04:50.48]nutrients and other items contained within the food in its natural state.
[04:56.52]Refining also concentrates sugars
[05:00.04]and can cause our blood sugar levels to change more rapidly than normal.
[05:05.44]This can cause people to feel tired or put them in a bad mood.
[05:10.56]It can also increase the appetite.
[05:14.12]Prof. Pinkney said these refined, overly-processed foods set people up to fail.
[05:21.40]Without complex fiber,
[05:23.28]these foods do not satisfy a person's hunger for long.
[05:27.72]So, people eat their next meal sooner than normal.
[05:32.56]Prof. Pinkney suggests we learn from our distant ancient ancestors -- the hunter-gatherers.
[05:39.20]"The hunter-gatherers, you know, going right back to
[05:42.12]last Ice Age and before that
[05:44.44]would have had a diet that was rich in complex, sort of, fiber type carbohydrate.
[05:51.32]There would be protein in it now and again.
[05:54.04]But it didn't have all the sugar.
[05:55.72]So, the diet that is, of course, followed by traditional peoples is radically different."
[06:01.36]Prof. Pinkney said all these areas
[06:04.48]– from advertising and policy to medical interventions
[06:08.76]– need to be addressed to stop the obesity epidemic.
[06:13.40]The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says over 35 percent of American adults are obese.
[06:21.32]That is almost 79 million people.
[06:25.12]The government agency says more than 17 million children are obese.
[06:30.68]The yearly medical cost of obesity in the U.S. is almost $200 billion.
[06:38.24]I'm Anna Matteo.
[06:40.04]Words in This Story
[06:42.32]symposium – n. a formal meeting at which experts discuss a particular topic
[06:49.84]endocrinology – n. a branch of medicine concerned with the structure, function and disorders of the endocrine glands
[06:59.68]devastate – v. to destroy much or most of (something) : to cause great damage or harm to (something) ; devastating is the adjective.
[07:10.28]under one umbrella – idiomatic expression to be in one place
[07:16.84]appetite – n. a physical desire for food
[07:21.44]habit – n. a usual way of behaving; something that a person does often in a regular and repeated way
[07:30.68]intervene – v. to become involved in something (such as a conflict) in order to have an influence on what happens intervention is the noun
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END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA京香2018下载
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