[ti:Reusing Pacemakers Could Improve Heart Care in Developing World]
[ar:Steve Ember]
[al:Health Report]
[by:www.21voa.com]
[00:00.00]This is the VOA Special English
[00:03.02]Health Report.
[00:04.39]A pacemaker is a small device
[00:07.68]that doctors place in people
[00:09.86]with an abnormal heartbeat.
[00:12.16]If a heart beats too slowly,
[00:14.77]the pacemaker will
[00:16.45]use electrical signals
[00:18.26]to help set a normal rate.
[00:20.93]Some devices include a defibrillator,
[00:24.97]which gives a shock
[00:26.34]if the heart beats too fast.
[00:28.65]Pacemakers may be
[00:30.57]permanent or temporary.
[00:32.50]But one thing is sure.
[00:35.24]Developing countries need more
[00:37.91]of them as more people
[00:39.72]get heart disease.
[00:41.58]A big problem, however,
[00:44.13]is the cost.
[00:45.63]Buying and implanting
[00:48.11]a pacemaker costs from five thousand
[00:51.29]to fifteen thousand dollars.
[00:54.34]But doctors at the University
[00:57.13]of Michigan think they know
[00:59.00]a way to lower that cost.
[01:01.43]The idea is to reuse pacemakers.
[01:05.55]Heart doctor Timir Baman
[01:08.10]estimates that more than
[01:09.90]one million people worldwide
[01:12.33]need pacemakers each year.
[01:15.38]He says reusing a pacemaker
[01:18.36]is an ethical way to provide
[01:21.16]health care to those who have
[01:23.46]no other way to get one.
[01:25.58]TIMIR BAMAN: "A country
[01:26.39]such as Bangladesh or India,
[01:27.76]they average less than eight
[01:29.87]new implants per million.
[01:31.36]In the United States,
[01:33.40]we average seven hundred
[01:34.33]fifty-two new implants per million."
[01:36.70]He got the idea a few years ago.
[01:39.75]One of his patients asked
[01:41.86]if someone might be given
[01:43.73]her pacemaker for reuse
[01:45.84]after she died.
[01:47.52]But are used pacemakers safe?
[01:51.19]Doctor Baman studied medical
[01:53.62]reports about the safety
[01:55.36]of pacemakers that were
[01:57.04]being reused in small studies.
[01:59.78]TIMIR BAMAN: "We found
[02:00.52]that there's no real difference
[02:02.01]in device infection
[02:03.01]or device malfunction
[02:04.13]when you compare it to
[02:05.56]new pacemaker implantation."
[02:07.36]Funeral directors normally
[02:09.54]remove pacemakers
[02:11.03]when preparing bodies for cremation.
[02:14.02]Pacemakers can explode
[02:16.32]if they are burned.
[02:17.69]So Doctor Baman asked
[02:19.81]funeral directors in Michigan
[02:21.86]to send the pacemakers to him.
[02:24.22]He and other researchers
[02:26.96]at the University
[02:28.08]of Michigan Medical Center
[02:30.19]tested the used pacemakers.
[02:32.74]They cleaned and disinfected
[02:35.98]the ones in good working order.
[02:38.09]Then they sent them to doctors
[02:40.58]in the Philippines, Vietnam and Ghana.
[02:44.50]The doctors successfully implanted
[02:47.73]the used pacemakers in twelve patients.
[02:51.53]The findings were recently
[02:53.33]presented at a conference
[02:55.08]in Washington of
[02:56.75]the American Heart Association.
[02:59.30]Now, Timir Baman has asked
[03:02.17]the United States Food
[03:04.22]and Drug Administration
[03:05.46]for approval to do a larger test.
[03:09.20]He says -- speaking by Skype
[03:11.81]from his office in Ann Arbor,
[03:14.50]Michigan -- that he is hopeful
[03:15.83]the program will work.
[03:17.64]TIMIR BAMAN: "If we show that this is safe,
[03:19.75]other academic centers
[03:21.31]in the United States as well as
[03:22.98]in Europe can then
[03:24.35]form their own pacemaker
[03:25.41]reutilization programs
[03:26.53]and really help out countries in Africa,
[03:28.15]really help out countries in Asia,
[03:30.08]who really have no other access
[03:32.19]to these type of devices."
[03:34.00]And that's the VOA Special English
[03:36.92]Health Report,
[03:38.29]with reporting by Philip Graitcer.
[03:40.65]You can find and comment
[03:43.57]on our reports at 51voa.com
[03:48.49]or on Facebook or Twitter
[03:51.35]at VOA Learning English.
[03:53.78]I'm Steve Ember.
END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA¾©Ïã2018ÏÂÔØ
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