[ti:States Pass Limits on Teaching Race, Teachers ‘Caught up in a Culture War’]
[by:www.21voa.com]
[00:00.00]更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
[00:00.04]Conservative American states are introducing more bills
[00:04.32]controlling how history and race is taught in public schools.
[00:09.64]They are also giving parents more supervision
[00:13.00]over local schools and school boards.
[00:16.76]A school board is a group of elected officials
[00:20.36]who supervise a school district's budget and educational decisions.
[00:25.88]A bill passed in Indiana that limits how race,
[00:29.68]history and politics can be taught in the classroom.
[00:33.88]It also permits parents to bring complaints
[00:37.20]and legal action against schools.
[00:40.72]Americans are divided on how racism and discrimination
[00:44.96]in the present day should be taught,
[00:47.48]a recent study by the APM Research Lab,
[00:51.08]a policy research center, found.
[00:53.56]In a survey of 1,200 adults, 49 percent said
[00:59.56]schools should teach the "ongoing effects
[01:02.08]of slavery and racism in the United States."
[01:06.36]But 41 percent say schools should teach the history of racism,
[01:11.12]but not "about race relations today."
[01:14.68]Answers were also very divided by race.
[01:18.40]While 79 percent of Black people surveyed
[01:22.28]said the ongoing effects of racism should be taught,
[01:26.00]just 41 percent of whites felt the same.
[01:30.76]Teaching how historical racism and slavery affects life today
[01:35.52]is a central idea in Critical Race Theory, or CRT.
[01:40.32]Critical race theory is about how racism and white supremacy
[01:45.44]have shaped American society, laws and policies.
[01:49.64]It has also come under attack from Republican lawmakers.
[01:54.52]In January, newly-elected Virginia governor
[01:58.28]Republican Glenn Youngkin signed an executive order
[02:02.28]banning Critical Race Theory.
[02:04.84]Republican states including Tennessee and Texas
[02:08.48]passed similar laws last year.
[02:11.36]But it is unclear how many schools actually teach CRT.
[02:16.84]Critics of such laws also say that any attempt
[02:20.88]to teach racism is labeled as Critical Race Theory.
[02:25.40]In a recent interview with The New Yorker magazine,
[02:28.88]Democratic U.S. representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
[02:33.76]said the attempts to limit how history is taught
[02:37.32]is like returning to the infamous Jim Crow Era
[02:41.08]in the Southern U.S.
[02:43.28]Jim Crow laws in place for several decades until the 1960s
[02:48.44]discriminated against Black Americans in effectively all areas of life.
[02:53.80]During that time, racism and slavery
[02:57.28]was almost only taught from the white perspective,
[03:00.64]if it was taught at all.
[03:03.56]Republican lawmakers like Youngkin argue that parents and families
[03:08.56]should have more of a say in what is taught in schools,
[03:12.24]also called the curriculum.
[03:14.92]And many states have introduced bills
[03:17.84]that give parents more control over schools.
[03:21.40]APM's study found that 41 percent of Americans
[03:26.28]think parents should have the most influence
[03:29.16]in how race is taught to children.
[03:32.56]NBC news reports that 12 states have introduced bills
[03:37.48]that require schools to put their teaching materials online.
[03:42.68]It is part of a larger national push by Republicans
[03:46.96]for a parents' "bill of rights" ahead of the midterm,
[03:50.48]congressional elections.
[03:53.24]Teachers say parents can already see what their children learn.
[03:57.48]They worry that the laws would create unnecessary work
[04:01.88]and could threaten their professional independence.
[04:06.00]Educators say they are not against keeping parents informed.
[04:10.24]But they see a risk that the new laws will bring censorship
[04:14.52]and more teachers leaving the profession.
[04:18.04]States considering some version of the idea
[04:21.32]include Ohio, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Indiana,
[04:26.92]Iowa, Michigan, North Carolina and West Virginia.
[04:31.72]Similar laws have been stopped by Democratic governors
[04:35.84]in Pennsylvania and Wisconsin.
[04:39.64]Katie Peters is a high school teacher in Toledo, Ohio.
[04:44.20]She told The Associated Press
[04:46.68]the bill suggests "there's some hiding happening."
[04:50.04]She added that "the parents who have cared to look
[04:53.64]have always had access."
[04:56.80]Conservative lawmakers have called for a parents' bill of rights
[05:01.84]which gives parents access to classroom materials
[05:05.52]and academic, medical and safety records.
[05:08.96]It would also permit entry to school buildings and more.
[05:14.64]Scott DiMauro is president of Ohio's largest teachers' union.
[05:19.60]He is concerned that such bills will add
[05:23.36]to the increase in resignations and retirements
[05:26.68]that have occurred from teaching during COVID-19.
[05:31.36]Teachers, he said, have "felt caught up
[05:34.60]in a culture war that they didn't create."
[05:38.20]I'm Dan Novak. 更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA京香2018下载
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