[ti:Study: Students Who Slept Less Struggled More in School]
[by:www.21voa.com]
[00:00.00]更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
[00:00.04]American high school students
[00:02.24]who slept less than seven hours
[00:04.84]each night during the pandemic
[00:07.08]were more likely to struggle in school.
[00:10.92]That finding comes from a recent study
[00:13.88]from the U.S. Centers
[00:15.44]for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC.
[00:20.60]The American Academy of Sleep Medicine
[00:23.60]recommends that teenagers –
[00:25.88]people between the ages of 13 to 19 --
[00:29.28]should sleep 8 to 10 hours a night.
[00:33.96]For the study, the CDC questioned 7,705 students
[00:39.88]about their sleep schedules
[00:42.08]and success in school.
[00:44.48]More than two-thirds of students
[00:47.48]said they experienced more difficulty
[00:50.44]in their schoolwork
[00:51.56]during the pandemic than before the pandemic.
[00:55.00]About 75 percent of students
[00:58.12]did not sleep enough
[00:59.60]during the pandemic, the study found.
[01:03.20]"Students who experienced short sleep duration
[01:07.12]were more likely to report greater difficulty
[01:10.28]doing schoolwork
[01:11.40]during the pandemic than before the pandemic,"
[01:14.80]the CDC said.
[01:16.80]Duration is the length of time that something lasts.
[01:21.96]Students who reported poor mental health
[01:24.68]during the pandemic
[01:26.04]were also more likely to get less sleep.
[01:29.68]Overall, 37 percent of students
[01:33.36]said they struggled with their mental health
[01:36.48]during the pandemic.
[01:38.12]But about 50 percent of students
[01:41.00]who slept five hours or less each night
[01:43.92]said they had poor mental health.
[01:47.80]As students recover from learning loss
[01:50.56]due to the pandemic,
[01:52.04]schools "can consider including policies
[01:55.28]and practices known to improve
[01:57.96]sleep duration," the CDC said.
[02:01.96]Teenagers experience many physical changes
[02:06.12]when they go through puberty.
[02:09.28]Puberty also can cause changes in sleep patterns.
[02:15.20]As children get older,
[02:17.24]there is a change in their circadian rhythms –
[02:20.96]the body's natural clock.
[02:24.12]Before puberty, children may feel sleepy
[02:27.84]around 8 or 9 at night.
[02:31.20]But when they get become teenagers,
[02:34.72]the body's clock changes
[02:37.08]to make them tired much later --
[02:40.12]around 10 or 11 at night.
[02:44.36]Because of this,
[02:45.84]many teenagers may experience
[02:48.64]insomnia, or an inability to sleep.
[02:54.04]A 2020 study published in the journal Nature
[02:58.68]found that a consistent sleep schedule
[03:02.16]can improve test performance.
[03:05.96]Students who consistently
[03:08.36]had good quality sleep
[03:10.52]were much more likely to do better on tests.
[03:15.60]However, "there was no relation
[03:19.00]between sleep measures on the single night
[03:22.28]before a test and test performance,"
[03:26.00]the study found.
[03:28.56]Instead, sleep length and quality
[03:32.64]"for the month and the week before a test
[03:35.76]correlated with better grades."
[03:39.28]The study looked at 100 college students.
[03:43.52]However, the study's lead writer
[03:46.52]said the results could be applied
[03:49.16]to younger students as well.
[03:52.84]Some school systems around the U.S.
[03:56.20]are pushing back start times for high schools
[04:00.00]so students can get more sleep.
[04:04.08]Usually, high schools start the earliest
[04:07.76]compared to middle and elementary schools.
[04:11.32]The National Center for Education Statistics
[04:15.64]says the average start time
[04:18.08]for U.S. high schools is 8 a.m.
[04:22.48]But the American Academy of Pediatrics
[04:26.12]recommends a start time of 8:30.
[04:29.72]The organization Start School Later
[04:33.60]supports pushing back school start times.
[04:37.56]It says at least 13,000 school systems
[04:42.04]in the United States
[04:43.72]have pushed back start times.
[04:47.56]In 2022, California became the first state
[04:53.12]to require 8 a.m. start times
[04:56.48]for middle schools
[04:58.04]and 8:30 a.m. start times for high schools.
[05:02.84]The Lower Merion School district
[05:05.56]outside Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
[05:08.28]recently voted to move
[05:10.04]the high school start time from 7:30 am to 8:40 a.m.
[05:15.16]The change will take effect in 2024.
[05:19.68]In Howard County, Maryland,
[05:21.48]the school board decided last month
[05:24.16]to move the high school start time to 8 a.m.
[05:27.60]starting next school year.
[05:29.68]Most high schools in the county
[05:32.36]now begin at 7:25 a.m.
[05:36.72]"We have taken a...significant step
[05:38.92]in the right direction
[05:40.32]to follow the science,
[05:42.00]to do what's best for students,"
[05:44.44]Howard County board Chair Antonia Watts
[05:47.60]said after last month's vote.
[05:50.76]She said it took two years of discussions
[05:53.68]to make the change.
[05:56.20]Some parents argue that if school starts later,
[05:59.76]there will be less time for after-school activities.
[06:03.64]The parents say a later start time
[06:06.44]would affect their own schedule.
[06:08.52]A July 2022 survey by the Sleep Foundation
[06:13.12]found that a little over one-third of parents
[06:16.48]supported later start times for schools.
[06:20.68]The California Teachers Association (CTA)
[06:25.04]opposed the state requirement.
[06:27.32]The group argued that even with later start times,
[06:31.20]students would still need to be dropped off
[06:33.80]at school at the same time.
[06:36.68]The time change, it said,
[06:38.44]would especially hurt working-class families.
[06:42.52]A CTA spokesperson told the Los Angeles Times,
[06:46.76]"there is not enough funding from the state
[06:49.40]for before school programs
[06:51.48]to ensure the safety of students
[06:53.92]who will be dropped off early."
[06:55.68]I'm Dan Novak.
[06:57.60]And I'm Caty Weaver. 更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA京香2018下载
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