[ti:Study: Worldwide Pollution Kills 9 Million People a Year+++研究称全球每年有900万人死于污染]
[by:www.21voa.com]
[00:00.00]更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
[00:00.00]A new study suggests that pollution of all kinds
[00:05.14]kills about 9 million people worldwide each year.
[00:11.62]Air pollution from industrial processes and the expansion of cities
[00:19.03]accounted for about 75 percent of the deaths, researchers found.
[00:26.30]Air pollution also drove a 7 percent increase
[00:31.40]in all pollution-related deaths from 2015 to 2019.
[00:38.49]The study was a cooperative effort
[00:42.28]between environmental interest groups and scientists.
[00:48.02]It was based on examinations of worldwide death rates and pollution levels.
[00:56.32]The findings recently appeared in the publication Lancet Planetary Health.
[01:04.14]The study separated traditional contaminants from more modern pollutants.
[01:11.77]Examples of traditional contaminants are indoor smoke or wastewater.
[01:19.33]Modern pollutants include air pollution from vehicles
[01:24.64]or industrial activities and poisonous chemicals.
[01:30.20]The researchers found that deaths from traditional pollutants are dropping worldwide.
[01:38.59]But they still remain a major problem in Africa and some other developing countries.
[01:47.11]Contaminated water, soil and dirty indoor air made Chad, the Central African Republic
[01:56.59]and Niger the top three nations with the most pollution-related deaths.
[02:04.25]In some countries, state programs to cut indoor air pollution
[02:10.37]and improvements in sanitation have helped reduce death rates.
[02:16.62]In Ethiopia and Nigeria, for example, such efforts
[02:22.41]cut deaths by two-thirds between 2000 and 2019, the study found.
[02:31.06]Modern kinds of pollution are rising in most countries,
[02:37.01]especially developing ones, the researchers said.
[02:41.92]Deaths caused by modern pollutants – such as heavy metals,
[02:48.07]agricultural chemicals and carbon emissions – are "skyrocketing,"
[02:54.05]said study co-writer Rachael Kupka.
[02:58.04]She heads the New York-based Global Alliance on Health and Pollution.
[03:04.95]Kupka said deaths linked to modern pollutants
[03:09.69]had risen 66 percent since 2000.
[03:14.17]The study found that several major cities
[03:18.00]– including Bangkok, Beijing and Mexico City,
[03:22.63]had seen success in reducing outdoor air pollution.
[03:27.58]But in many smaller cities, pollution levels continued to climb.
[03:33.99]The researchers noted that pollution now kills about
[03:39.38]the same number of people a year around the world
[03:43.24]as cigarette smoking and second-hand smoke combined.
[03:48.57]"Nine million deaths is a lot of deaths,"
[03:52.49]Philip Landrigan told The Associated Press about the study results.
[03:58.93]He is director of the Global Public Health Program
[04:03.76]and Global Pollution Observatory at Boston College in Massachusetts.
[04:10.75]"The bad news is that it's not decreasing," Landrigan added.
[04:16.85]"We're making gains in the easy stuff and we're seeing the more difficult stuff,
[04:23.72]which is the (outdoor industrial) air pollution and chemical pollution, still going up."
[04:31.40]The study makes several suggestions for ways to cut the number of deaths.
[04:37.71]These include creating better recording and reporting methods
[04:43.63]and stronger government policies to reduce pollution
[04:48.44]linked to industrial activities and vehicle emissions.
[04:54.29]Dr. Lynn Goldman leads the George Washington University School
[05:00.52]of Public Health in Washington DC.
[05:04.26]She was not part of the study.
[05:07.61]Goldman told the AP she thinks such human loss to pollution is highly preventable.
[05:16.57]"Each and every one of them is a death that is unnecessary," she said.
[05:23.29]Goldman added that the estimates in the study make sense to her,
[05:29.22]even though she thinks the number of pollution deaths is likely higher.
[05:35.95]I'm Bryan Lynn. 更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA京香2018下载
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