[ti:The Influence of America’s First Ladies]
[by:www.21voa.com]
[00:00.00]更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
[00:00.04]When Joe Biden became president on January 20,
[00:04.92]Jill Biden, his wife, took on an important job in American society.
[00:12.44]She became first lady of the United States.
[00:18.08]The position comes with no pay, but it is influential.
[00:23.24]So, many people paid attention
[00:26.80]when Biden became the first of America’s first ladies
[00:32.08]to keep the job she had before her husband became president.
[00:38.40]Jill Biden has a doctorate in education
[00:42.04]and is a professor of English at a community college in Virginia,
[00:47.12]just outside of Washington, D.C.
[00:51.60]Some Americans might be surprised to learn
[00:55.28]that Biden would keep her old job.
[00:58.28]An expert on the subject is Katherine Jellison.
[01:03.44]She is a history professor at Ohio University.
[01:07.68]Jellison said, since Biden is a teacher,
[01:11.56]which is a traditional job for women,
[01:14.52]most Americans will accept her outside work.
[01:19.20]Barbara Perry is a presidential historian at the University of Virginia.
[01:24.68]She said most Americans see presidents as “father figures.”
[01:30.88]She said: “That makes first ladies
[01:34.32]maternal figures and kind of mothers of our country.”
[01:40.76]What about if they are younger women?
[02:02.32]However, first ladies do not just stand behind their husbands.
[02:08.16]They often take on projects.
[02:10.56]Among first ladies, Eleanor Roosevelt
[02:14.24]was possibly the first to be remembered as an activist.
[02:19.44]She came to the White House, the official presidential home,
[02:24.76]in 1933 after Franklin Roosevelt won the election in 1932.
[02:33.96]Perry said some Americans thought Eleanor Roosevelt
[02:38.24]pushed too hard for changes.
[02:41.88]She asked her husband to work on civil rights,
[02:45.68]labor rights and women’s rights.
[02:50.48]“She was always pressing for the social programs that she wanted
[02:55.00]and was much reviled because of that,” Perry said.
[03:01.28]While not every first lady was like Roosevelt,
[03:04.64]she set an example for those to come.
[03:08.40]First ladies have long been recognized for the causes they supported.
[03:14.48]Jacqueline Kennedy worked to renovate the White House
[03:18.32]and make sure it was home to historic art and objects from U.S. history.
[03:25.36]Lyndon Johnson’s wife, Lady Bird Johnson,
[03:29.44]supported environmental protection causes.
[03:34.36]Nancy Reagan asked children to stay away from drugs.
[03:40.12]Barbara Bush worked to help more people learn to read.
[03:44.80]Michelle Obama was interested in healthy eating
[03:48.20]and planted a vegetable garden at the White House.
[03:52.68]Perry said most Americans were happy to support those kinds of projects.
[03:58.32]But sometimes Americans think women in the White House do too much.
[04:04.56]Perry said that happened with Hillary Clinton.
[04:08.96]In 1993, she said, Bill Clinton appointed Hillary
[04:14.36]to lead a group that worked to change the American health care system.
[04:19.28]Perry said the public was not accepting of Clinton’s part in shaping policy:
[04:27.44]“She had to go back to more soft-power approaches to being first lady.”
[04:34.28]Kate Andersen Brower is a presidential historian
[04:39.44]who wrote about first ladies in a book called “First Women.”
[04:44.52]She said both Melania Trump and Nancy Reagan
[04:49.52]had influence over who worked with the president.
[04:53.72]Brower said Trump did not like the way one adviser treated one of the people
[04:59.60]who worked for her during a trip overseas.
[05:03.48]Melania Trump asked that the adviser be dismissed.
[05:08.60]Reagan, Brower said, “decided who would be in and who was out.”
[05:15.24]Clinton was not successful in her attempt at shaping healthcare policy.
[05:21.16]However, Brower said she did suggest
[05:25.68]that her husband choose Ruth Bader Ginsberg as a Supreme Court justice.
[05:33.16]Brower said Jill Biden can change the way Americans think
[05:38.20]about first ladies by being both a working woman and a wife.
[05:45.16]She also said there is likely to be a big change ahead
[05:50.00]when, one day, a woman is elected president.
[05:55.00]I’m Dan Friedell.
[05:56.64]更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA京香2018下载
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