[by:www.21voa.com]
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[00:00.00]Russia and Turkey are taking steps to improve ties and work together in Syria
[00:08.07]after talks between the Russian and Turkish leaders.
[00:12.43]Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan
[00:16.01]met with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Saint Petersburg on Tuesday.
[00:22.64]Putin announced that Russia would begin easing sanctions designed to punish Turkey.
[00:30.35]The move would include restarting work on energy projects,
[00:35.44]such as work on Turkey's first nuclear power center
[00:40.07]and a pipeline from southern Russia to the Black Sea.
[00:44.93]Russian officials said trade with Turkey could return to normal by the end of the year.
[00:52.79]The Hurriyet Daily News reported that the two sides
[00:58.56]agreed to set up a direct telephone line
[01:02.53]between their militaries to prevent incidents in Syrian airspace.
[01:09.19]In November, Turkey shot down a Russian jet bomber near its border with Syria.
[01:16.61]Turkish officials accused the airplane of violating Turkish airspace.
[01:23.40]Russia denied the plane had been over Turkey
[01:27.30]and called the act a planned provocation by supporters of terrorism.
[01:34.77]Russian officials answered the Turkish move
[01:39.57]by ordering economic and diplomatic sanctions on its neighbor.
[01:45.16]In June, the Turkish president apologized for the incident,
[01:50.57]and the two sides agreed to hold direct talks.
[01:54.86]Russia supports the government of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad,
[02:01.26]while Turkey has supported groups trying to force him from power.
[02:06.27]The two sides have been fighting in Syria for more than five years.
[02:12.23]The violence has caused more than 2.5 million refugees from Syria to enter Turkey.
[02:21.03]Russia increased its involvement in the fighting last year
[02:26.36]by carrying out bombing raids on Syrian rebel targets.
[02:32.37]Some observers, however, are questioning how much Turkey and Russia can cooperate.
[02:40.23]They say the two sides have little common ground in Syria's civil war.
[02:47.15]Military expert Alexander Golts says,
[02:52.01]"I think until now they have no clear decision
[02:56.11]because it's clear that their interests are colliding in Syria."
[03:01.55]Golts currently works as a visiting researcher at Uppsula University in Sweden.
[03:09.98]However, the talks between the two presidents could be a sign
[03:15.78]that Recep Tayyip Erdogan wants compromise on the issue of Syria.
[03:21.97]The meeting also could show Western allies
[03:26.44]that the Turkish leader has several options available to him.
[03:31.98]Ishat Saetov directs the Modern Turkey Studies Center in Moscow.
[03:39.97]He said Erdogan was surprised by the effect Russian economic actions had on Turkey.
[03:48.31]The "loss of more than 4 million tourists made quite a blow on the economy," he said.
[03:55.65]Although the two countries disagree about Syria,
[04:00.11]Russia supported Erdogan after members of Turkey's military attempted to overthrow his government.
[04:08.24]The United States and European countries
[04:11.89]have criticized Turkey's reaction to the failed overthrow attempt.
[04:17.43]The Turkish government has arrested thousands of people, including many reporters.
[04:25.01]Turkey accuses clergyman Fethullah Gulen of plotting the failed coup.
[04:32.61]Gulen lives in the American state of Pennsylvania.
[04:36.42]Turkish officials want him extradited to Turkey for trial.
[04:42.07]The U.S. government has refused to do this without evidence.
[04:48.28]Turkey is also in disagreement with Europe over payments
[04:53.61]for accepting Syrian refugees and other migrants.
[04:57.95]The government wants the European Union to permit visa-free travel for Turkish citizens.
[05:06.02]"Syria is one of the issues that Erdogan may trade upon," said Saetov.
[05:13.36]He said Erdogan may be willing to negotiate on the issue.
[05:18.69]Yet Turkish officials say Assad must leave office eventually
[05:24.62]and that Russia will not take the place of its western allies.
[05:29.71]I'm Mario Ritter.
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END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA京香2018下载
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