[ti:US High Court to Review Race Consideration in College Admission]
[by:www.21voa.com]
[00:00.00]更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
[00:00.04]The United States Supreme Court
[00:02.60]has agreed to review a legal effort aiming to overturn
[00:08.12]the consideration of race in college admissions.
[00:13.00]The court's ruling could affect affirmative action policies
[00:18.16]used to increase diversity at American colleges.
[00:24.56]Affirmative action is a set of policies
[00:27.92]designed to end unlawful discrimination.
[00:32.84]It is also used to help people in a group
[00:36.28]that has been discriminated against in the past.
[00:40.92]The nation's highest court said Monday
[00:43.36]that it will hear the appeal by a group called
[00:46.52]Students for Fair Admissions (SFFA) against Harvard University
[00:53.56]and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
[00:57.64]The group is founded by Edward Blum.
[01:02.36]He has worked for many years to fight against
[01:06.24]racial consideration in the college admission process.
[01:11.72]The SFFA accused the universities of discriminating
[01:16.44]against applicants based on race
[01:20.08]in violation of federal law or the U.S. Constitution.
[01:26.32]It claimed Harvard has discriminated against Asian Americans
[01:31.36]with higher test scores and chosen to admit Black
[01:36.24]and Hispanic students with lower grades.
[01:40.88]But Harvard said the school only considers race
[01:45.12]in a way that earlier Supreme Court cases have permitted.
[01:50.64]Harvard President Lawrence Bacow said in a statement
[01:53.88]that its admission policy "produces a more diverse student body
[02:00.64]which strengthens the learning environment for all."
[02:06.44]The university also noted that its share of Asian Americans
[02:11.36]has grown in recent years.
[02:13.80]Harvard reports that nearly 26 percent
[02:17.56]of the latest first-year students are Asian-American.
[02:22.96]Black students make up 16 percent
[02:25.60]and Hispanic students are 12.5 percent of the class.
[02:32.96]Two lower courts agreed with Harvard's argument and ruled
[02:37.88]that while its admission policy is "not perfect," it is "constitutional."
[02:45.00]The decisions were based on 40 years of Supreme Court rulings
[02:49.76]related to affirmative action.
[02:52.88]The Supreme Court first ruled in 1978
[02:56.64]that race could be considered in college admission.
[03:01.48]But the decision banned the Medical School
[03:04.88]of the University of California at Davis from establishing racial quotas.
[03:11.96]In other words, schools cannot set aside a percentage
[03:17.12]or number of students for admission based on race alone.
[03:23.48]The high court again ruled in 2003
[03:27.56]that the University of Michigan's law school
[03:30.88]could consider race in its admission process
[03:35.32]to create "a diverse educational environment."
[03:40.84]In the latest filing, Edward Blum and the SFFA
[03:45.24]asked the court to overturn its own 2003 ruling
[03:50.80]in the University of Michigan case known as Grutter v. Bollinger.
[03:57.84]It is the second time that Blum has tried to appeal the court
[04:02.96]to end the consideration of race in college admission.
[04:08.60]In 2016, Blum and others asked the court to review
[04:12.48]the admission policy of the University of Texas at Austin.
[04:16.40]But the court followed its earlier decisions
[04:20.08]and ruled that the use of race
[04:22.56]in the university's admissions efforts was constitutional.
[04:27.72]Since 2016, two of the justices who voted
[04:31.64]to support the use of affirmative action
[04:35.00]in college admission are no longer on the court.
[04:39.36]The addition of three new justices, Neil Gorsuch,
[04:43.80]Brett Kavanaugh, and Amy Coney Barrett
[04:47.40]has greatly expanded the court's conservative majority.
[04:51.64]And the upcoming retirement of Justice Stephen Breyer
[04:56.20]is not expected to change its make-up.
[05:00.64]The administration of former President Donald Trump
[05:03.76]had backed Blum's case against Harvard.
[05:07.52]It also filed legal action alleging discrimination
[05:12.28]against Asian American and white people at Yale University.
[05:18.04]But the administration of President Joe Biden
[05:21.36]recently dropped the case against Yale.
[05:24.52]It also urged the Supreme Court to stay away
[05:29.20]from the case against Harvard and UNC
[05:33.08]and asked the court not to take the "extraordinary step"
[05:38.24]of overruling the 2003 decision.
[05:43.32]The Supreme Court will review the Harvard and UNC cases
[05:48.00]later this year and issue a ruling sometime in 2023.
[05:54.32]"A striking out of affirmative action
[05:56.48]will certainly be devastating to Black applicants.
[06:00.76]It will be very, very harmful to Latinx applicants."
[06:06.68]That is Kevin Brown, a professor
[06:09.08]at the Maurer School of Law at Indiana University.
[06:13.64]Brown said affirmative action enabled Black students like him
[06:18.56]to go to law school at Yale in the early 1980s.
[06:23.08]It helped white students to learn new ideas
[06:27.28]from Black students in discussion groups.
[06:30.88]Some of these law students who got to know Black students
[06:34.80]for the first time are now lawyers, professors, and judges, he said.
[06:40.88]"What you're also taking away from the white students
[06:44.12]is this multicultural background,
[06:47.72]which means when they become the decision-makers of our society,
[06:52.68]they are most likely to make some very bad decisions
[06:56.56]because they don't have enough experience dealing with
[06:58.88]the different races and ethnicities and cultures that exist in the U.S."
[07:03.28]I'm Dan Friedell. 更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA京香2018下载
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