[ti:US Lawmakers Seek to Fill Labor Shortage with Children]
[by:www.21voa.com]
[00:00.00]更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
[00:00.04]A report from a policy group in Washington, D.C.,
[00:04.48]says lawmakers in at least 10 states
[00:08.20]have proposed easing child labor laws
[00:11.80]over the last two years.
[00:15.36]The bills would make it easier for children under 18
[00:19.68]to work longer hours during school days
[00:23.16]and in more kinds of jobs.
[00:26.08]The Economic Policy Institute in Washington
[00:29.84]released the report in March.
[00:33.40]The report said some bills
[00:36.16]propose permitting children to work in places
[00:39.60]that serve alcohol and in industries such as building.
[00:46.36]Lawmakers supporting the new bills
[00:49.44]say children could fill a labor shortage
[00:53.20]partly caused by the pandemic.
[00:56.60]They also say a job can provide teenagers
[01:00.72]with valuable work experience.
[01:04.20]Some say the government
[01:06.20]should not prevent a child from working
[01:09.12]if they have parental permission.
[01:13.32]The Arkansas legislature passed a bill this year
[01:17.32]removing a requirement that 14
[01:20.64]and 15-year-olds get work permits.
[01:24.72]The permits had required children to get parental permission,
[01:29.36]proof of age, and an employer signature.
[01:34.28]Without work permits, it can be harder for companies
[01:38.44]to know whether they are employing a child.
[01:41.84]Arkansas state lawmakers separately passed legislation
[01:47.20]that increases fines for violating child labor laws.
[01:53.28]Under federal law, children's work hours are limited,
[01:57.56]and they are not permitted to work in dangerous conditions.
[02:03.24]One proposal in Minnesota permits 16-
[02:07.52]and 17-year-old children
[02:10.24]to work in and around building areas.
[02:13.72]A bill in Ohio that passed the state senate
[02:18.36]permits children to work on school days until 9 p.m.
[02:23.80]Under current law,
[02:25.60]children can only work until 7 p.m. on school nights.
[02:31.44]Allison Paxson is a child and education policy expert
[02:36.32]with Children's Defense Fund Ohio.
[02:40.24]The Defense Fund is a nonprofit group
[02:43.56]that aims to help children by supporting education
[02:47.92]and fighting abuse and poverty.
[02:51.96]Paxson told VOA the bill in Ohio
[02:56.32]and ones in other states are a way for businesses
[03:00.76]to deal with, what she called,
[03:02.92]the labor gap by employing children at lower wages.
[03:07.96]She said children in the U.S. can be paid
[03:11.64]less than the federal minimum wage for adults.
[03:17.16]Speaking after the passage of the bill in the Ohio Senate,
[03:21.64]State Senator Tim Schaffer said:
[03:25.36]"Thirteen states currently allow youth
[03:28.40]under the age of 16 to work until 9:00 p.m. year-round,
[03:33.96]earning a good wage and learning valuable employment skills."
[03:39.92]But Paxson argued that more time working
[03:43.44]takes away from time at school.
[03:46.72]The value young people can get "from workplace experience
[03:51.44]should not be the basis for unraveling their workplace protections,
[03:56.44]because this comes at the expense of their educations
[04:01.16]and their futures in both the short-term
[04:04.72]and in the long-term," Paxson said.
[04:09.24]A study published in the Journal of Research on Adolescence
[04:13.84]found that teenagers who work long hours in after-school jobs
[04:19.32]are more at risk of dropping out of high school.
[04:24.08]"Excessive work hours can lead
[04:27.20]to declining interest...in school," Paxson said.
[04:32.92]The U.S. federal government has labor laws
[04:36.48]meant to protect children.
[04:38.64]For example, federal law states
[04:42.20]that 14 and 15-year-olds
[04:45.32]cannot work more than three hours a day after school.
[04:49.84]But in many parts of the world,
[04:52.52]child labor remains very common.
[04:56.84]A 2019 OECD study said that 152 million children
[05:03.80]were in child labor.
[05:05.76]In many countries, child labor is important to the economy.
[05:12.56]The U.S. Department of Labor's
[05:14.72]Bureau of International Labor Affairs
[05:17.72]keeps a list of about 160 products
[05:21.68]in 78 countries that are produced using child labor.
[05:26.76]In Brazil, for example, there is evidence
[05:30.64]that children who are five- to 13-years old grow bananas.
[05:36.24]In Vietnam, children as young as seven
[05:39.80]help produce products like rubber, leather and coffee.
[05:46.20]Poverty often leads many families to depend on child labor,
[05:51.40]or push children to take dangerous jobs,
[05:54.92]the OECD study said.
[05:58.08]Education, however,
[05:59.88]is the main alternative to labor for children.
[06:05.20]Public education "of good quality
[06:08.04]is essential as an alternative to child labor
[06:11.96]and for breaking the poverty cycle."
[06:15.56]I'm Dan Novak.
[06:16.68]更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA京香2018下载
ENTER NUMBET 0015www.yuntun.net.cn
www.cyljr.com.cn
www.zkddz.com.cn
zdfpgq.com.cn
www.haohuo06.com.cn
weixiaokai.com.cn
www.wayputwit.com.cn
www.ourski.net.cn
www.chdcep.com.cn
www.bubin.com.cn