[ti:US Professor Faces Criticism for ‘Comfort Women’ Claims]
[by:www.21voa.com]
[00:00.00]更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
[00:00.04]An American professor is facing criticism after suggesting
[00:06.32]that Korean women kept as sex slaves in wartime Japan
[00:13.04]willingly took part in sex work.
[00:17.12]Harvard University professor J. Mark Ramseyer
[00:22.60]made the claims in a recently published paper.
[00:27.20]His arguments reject a wide body of research
[00:31.92]finding that so-called "comfort women" in Japan
[00:36.80]were forced to work as sex workers during World War II.
[00:42.32]Historians say tens of thousands of women from around Asia
[00:48.92]-- many of them Korean -- were sent to military brothels
[00:54.12]to provide sex to Japanese soldiers during the war.
[00:59.68]In the 1990s, women began speaking publicly
[01:04.76]about how they had been taken to "comfort stations"
[01:09.08]and forced to provide sexual services.
[01:13.96]They have shared their experiences of rape and abuse.
[01:19.48]Ramseyer, however, argues that the women willingly
[01:24.72]entered into contracts as sex workers.
[01:30.08]His paper has intensified a political dispute
[01:34.44]between Japan and South Korea.
[01:38.92]South Korean leaders have long urged Japan
[01:43.20]to offer apologies and damages to the victims of sex slavery.
[01:50.00]Both North and South Korea have spoken out against Ramseyer's paper.
[01:57.92]Hundreds of scholars have signed letters condemning the paper,
[02:03.04]which was published online in December.
[02:07.92]The paper was supposed to appear in the March issue
[02:12.20]of the International Review of Law and Economics.
[02:16.48]But the publication suspended the issue
[02:20.52]and released an "expression of concern,"
[02:24.48]saying the piece is under investigation.
[02:29.36]Ramseyer is a professor of Japanese legal studies
[02:33.84]at Harvard Law School.
[02:36.64]He did not provide comments to Associated Press reporters.
[02:43.00]Historians have raised major concerns about Ramseyer's research.
[02:49.32]Scholars at Harvard and other universities
[02:53.32]have examined his sources and say there is no historical evidence
[02:59.36]of the sex worker contracts he describes.
[03:03.76]Harvard historians Andrew Gordon and Carter Eckert
[03:09.08]have called for the article to be withdrawn.
[03:13.52]"We do not see how Ramseyer can make credible claims ...
[03:18.16]about contracts he has not read," the two said in a statement.
[03:24.08]Alexis Dudden is a historian of modern Japan and Korea
[03:30.08]at the University of Connecticut.
[03:33.04]She said the article ignores many years of research.
[03:39.64]Although some have pointed to freedom of scholarship
[03:44.16]to defend Ramseyer, Dudden argued that the article
[03:48.88]"does not meet the requirements of academic integrity."
[03:54.16]She added: "It's very clear from his writing and his sources
[03:59.52]that he has never seen a contract."
[04:02.76]More than 1,000 economists have signed a letter condemning the paper.
[04:09.88]The letter said the article misuses economic theory
[04:14.92]"as a cover to legitimize horrific atrocities."
[04:21.08]A separate group of historians on Japan issued a 30-page paper
[04:27.36]calling for the article to be withdrawn.
[04:31.32]At Harvard, hundreds of students signed a letter
[04:35.52]demanding that Ramseyer apologize and calling on the university
[04:41.56]to answer the accusations against him.
[04:45.24]A United Nations report from 1996
[04:49.76]found that comfort women serving as sex slaves
[04:53.92]were taken through "violence" and "coercion."
[04:58.84]A statement from Japan in 1993
[05:02.88]admitted that women were taken "against their own will,"
[05:07.48]although the nation's leaders later denied it.
[05:12.04]In South Korea, activists denounced Ramseyer
[05:16.92]and called for his resignation.
[05:19.76]Chung Young-ai, South Korea's minister of gender equality and family,
[05:26.36]criticized the paper last week.
[05:29.72]She called it "an attempt to distort the facts
[05:34.28]about the Japanese military's ‘comfort women.'"
[05:38.28]I'm Bryan Lynn. 更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA京香2018下载
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