[ti:Water Crisis Threatens Indonesia’s Bali]
[by:www.21voa.com]
[00:00.00]更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
[00:00.04]Bali, Indonesia, is facing a worsening water crisis from tourism development,
[00:06.70]population growth and water mismanagement.
[00:10.96]Shortages already are affecting UNESCO World Heritage structure,
[00:16.11]food production and Balinese culture.
[00:21.60]Experts warn the situation will worsen
[00:24.38]if existing water control policies are not enforced across the island.
[00:31.44]"It is no longer possible to work in the fields as a farmer," said farmer I Ketut Jata.
[00:38.88]He said the land is too dry to grow rice which he sells to provide for his family.
[00:46.44]Bali is in the center of Indonesia's group of islands.
[00:51.01]Bali gets its water from three main sources: lakes, rivers and groundwater.
[00:58.76]A traditional irrigation system, called the "subak",
[01:02.95]sends water through a network of waterways, dams and tunnels.
[01:09.36]The subak was named a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2012.
[01:14.44]The system is central to Balinese culture.
[01:19.32]It represents the Balinese Hindu idea
[01:22.39]of harmony between people, nature and spirituality.
[01:28.56]"This is one of the very special cases of living landscapes in Asia,"
[01:33.88]said Feng Jing, who works with UNESCO in Bangkok.
[01:40.28]But demand is putting severe pressure on the subak
[01:43.88]and other water resources, said Putu Bawa.
[01:47.76]He is with the Bali Water Protection program.
[01:53.28]The island's population increased by more than 70 percent from 1980 to 2020,
[02:00.52]to 4.3 million people, found government data.
[02:06.12]Tourism growth has been even greater: Less than 140,000 foreign visitors
[02:12.43]came to the island in 1980.
[02:15.96]By 2019, there were more than 6.2 million foreign
[02:20.93]and 10.5 million Indonesian tourists.
[02:26.80]Bali's economy has done very well with tourism, but at a cost.
[02:32.80]Rice fields where the subak once ran through
[02:36.12]have been turned into golf courses and water parks.
[02:41.16]Forests that naturally collect water for the subak
[02:45.18]have been destroyed for new homes and hotels, Bawa said.
[02:51.60]Stroma Cole is with the University of Westminster in London.
[02:56.34]She has researched tourism's impact on Bali's water supplies.
[03:02.64]Cole said the water table is also dropping
[03:06.01]because people and businesses use private wells
[03:10.51]instead of government-owned supplies.
[03:14.24]The water table is the upper level of an underground surface
[03:18.72]in which rocks or soil are always surrounded by water.
[03:24.44]In less than 10 years, Bali's water table
[03:28.24]has sunk more than 50 meters in some areas.
[03:32.44]Wells are becoming dry or have been damaged with salt water,
[03:36.96]especially in the island's south.
[03:41.00]Bali does have rules, like water permits
[03:44.52]and taxes on water used.
[03:47.20]They are meant to control the island's water supplies,
[03:51.08]but there is no enforcement, Cole said.
[03:55.64]The serious effect of the water crisis
[03:58.52]can be seen in Jatiluwih, in northwestern Bali.
[04:02.88]The area has the island's largest rice farms.
[04:08.40]For generations, farmers used the subak system for irrigation.
[04:14.20]But in the past 19 years,
[04:16.44]farmers have had to pump water through white plastic pipes to irrigate the fields.
[04:24.12]Some Bali farmers say they can only get one rice harvest a year,
[04:29.32]instead of two or three because of limited water supplies, Cole's research found.
[04:36.96]That could reduce food production on the island.
[04:41.28]When Indonesia closed its borders during the pandemic,
[04:45.96]Bali's tourism greatly dropped.
[04:48.68]Environmental activists hoped the closure would help raise water levels in the wells.
[04:56.32]But development across the island has continued,
[04:59.80]including a new road that activists say will further affect the subak system.
[05:06.72]New hotels, homes and other businesses are also adding to the demand.
[05:13.76]Bawa said tourism is important to Bali
[05:17.00]but there also should be better enforcement and increased monitoring
[05:22.04]to protect the island's water resources.
[05:25.88]"We need to do this together for the sake of the survival of the island."
[05:31.32]I'm Dan Novak.更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA京香2018下载
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