[ti:Why Do People Embrace Conspiracy Theories?]
[by:www.21voa.com]
[00:00.00]更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
[00:00.04]American officials are still working to find out
[00:04.12]the identities of those who attacked the U.S. Capitol on January 6.
[00:10.84]It appears that many were believers in a conspiracy theory.
[00:16.00]It said that former President Donald Trump won the 2020 election,
[00:22.60]but was cheated because of widespread election wrongdoing.
[00:28.44]Conspiracy theories often depend on seeing things
[00:32.48]only in terms of right and wrong.
[00:35.88]They can push people to do things they might never
[00:39.36]have thought of doing before, said Peter Ditto.
[00:44.36]He is a professor of psychological science
[00:47.84]at the University of California, Irvine.
[00:51.64]“Moralizing things mobilizes people to action.
[00:56.60]If I believed that the American election
[00:59.36]had been stolen from the rightful winner,
[01:02.28]I’d probably storm the Capitol, too.
[01:05.60]It makes perfect sense if that really happened.
[01:09.48]The problem is, that didn't happen.”
[01:13.72]The people most likely to accept conspiracy theories
[01:17.52]are those who rarely question things.
[01:20.40]They often show narcissistic behavior,
[01:24.64]such as a belief in their own importance,
[01:27.96]a deep need for attention,
[01:30.68]problems with their relationships,
[01:33.40]and a lack of sympathy for other people’s problems.
[01:38.36]Those ideas come from research published in the Journal of Personality.
[01:44.24]The research was done by Emory University
[01:48.12]in the American state of Georgia.
[01:50.88]Nika Kabiri is an expert on human decision-making.
[01:56.04]She is with the University of Washington in Seattle.
[02:00.64]She said everyone can be pulled into conspiracy theories
[02:05.72]although some far more than others.
[02:09.68]“We all hate uncertainty.
[02:12.24]We all don't like the idea of not knowing why things happen.
[02:17.48]It makes us feel like we don't have control in the world.
[02:21.84]We want closure,” she said.
[02:25.16]A conspiracy theory is a way of thinking that blames
[02:29.68]or explains an important event on a secret plot
[02:34.16]that is usually undertaken by powerful people.
[02:38.60]Conspiracy thinking can also accept the idea
[02:43.32]that a big secret is being kept from the public.
[02:47.24]When a famous person repeats a conspiracy theory,
[02:51.96]Kabiri says, it gets a lot of attention.
[02:56.44]People are already unhappy, she says. “
[03:00.48]There's something they want to do,
[03:02.88]perhaps, explain something that doesn't sit well with them,
[03:07.16]and the story gives them an answer,” she added.
[03:11.44]Times of difficulty, such as a widespread health crisis,
[03:16.92]can add to the spread of conspiracy theories, Ditto said.
[03:22.32]“When the world seems confusing and incomprehensible,
[03:26.36]which it does right now.
[03:28.64]When people are lonely and they're seeking
[03:31.44]connection with others,” Ditto explained.
[03:35.00]People often accept conspiracy theories because they cannot accept
[03:41.52]simple explanations for life-changing events, said Ditto.
[03:47.44]A major conspiracy about the September 11, 2001 terror attacks
[03:54.00]says that the Twin Towers in New York fell in a controlled bombing.
[04:00.00]It denies that plane crashes caused the collapse.
[04:06.04]Many Americans find it hard to believe that President John F. Kennedy
[04:11.28]was killed by one gunman.
[04:14.04]That is why so many believe the unproven idea
[04:17.84]that there must have been a larger conspiracy to murder the president.
[04:23.32]The Emory researchers found
[04:26.40]that the people most likely to accept conspiracy thinking
[04:30.96]are often less agreeable and less conscientious.
[04:35.44]They usually also are unhappy
[04:38.76]combined with the unrealistic idea that they were made for greatness.
[04:44.12]And, they are influenced by those around them,
[04:47.80]either on social media or in real life, said Kabiri.
[04:53.88]Ditto said a million years of evolution pushes people
[04:58.00]to join groups with like-minded people.
[05:02.04]"We're very tribal.
[05:04.20]We're very provably attached to people who are like us.
[05:09.00]It's very, very unusual to have a place
[05:12.88]where you're supposed to make friends with, and connect with,
[05:16.72]and cooperate with, people who don't look like you
[05:20.88]and don't have the same values," Ditto said.
[05:24.80]I’m Susan Shand.更多听力请访问21VOA.COM
END OF TRACK. "END OF TRACK." The two men bowed. "Whoever was that person you were talking to?" she enquired, as soon as they stood together. The took of triumph faded from her eyes, she had grown worn and weary. The roses were wilting on the walls, the lights were mostly down now. Hetty, looking in to see if anything was wanted, found herself driven away almost fiercely. I only saw Master Jervie once when he called at tea time, The year 1747 was opened by measures of restriction. The House of Lords, offended at the publication of the proceedings of the trial of Lord Lovat, summoned the parties to their bar, committed them to prison, and refused to liberate them till they had pledged themselves not to repeat the offence, and had paid very heavy fees. The consequence of this was that the transactions of the Peers were almost entirely suppressed for nearly thirty years from this time, and we draw our knowledge of them chiefly from notes taken by Horace Walpole and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. What is still more remarkable, the reports of the House of Commons, being taken by stealth, and on the merest sufferance, are of the most meagre kind, sometimes altogether wanting, and the speeches are given uniformly under fictitious names; for to have attributed to Pitt or Pelham their[112] speeches by name would have brought down on the printers the summary vengeance of the House. Many of the members complained bitterly of this breach of the privileges of Parliament, and of "being put into print by low fellows"; but Pelham had the sense to tolerate them, saying, "Let them alone; they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves." Altogether, the House of Commons exhibited the most deplorable aspect that can be conceived. The Ministry had pursued Walpole's system of buying up opponents by place, or pension, or secret service money, till there was no life left in the House. Ministers passed their measures without troubling themselves to say much in their behalf; and the opposition dwindled to Sir John Hinde Cotton, now dismissed from office, and a feeble remnant of Jacobites raised but miserable resistance. In vain the Prince of Wales and the secret instigations of Bolingbroke and Doddington stimulated the spirit of discontent; both Houses had degenerated into most silent and insignificant arenas of very commonplace business. "It certainly will be. Miss Widgeon," answered Maria, with strictly "company manners." "One who has never had a brother exposed to the constant dangers of army life can hardly understand how glad we all feel to have Si snatched from the very jaws of death and brung back to us." "Just plug at 'em as you would at a crow, and then go on your way whistlin'?" persisted Harry. "Hurroo!" echoed Hennessey; "that's the ticket." "Come forward, keeper," continued the baron, "and state how these arrows came into your hands!" "Yes." HoMEJULIA京香2018下载
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